Why Do We Fall

Why Do We Fall Reflecting on the lessons of last semester, I knew I was going to have to kick it into high gear for my 6.042 exam on Wednesday. I spent all of Monday night from 8pm to 2am studying. I woke up promptly at 7:30 on Tuesday and studied until 11:30am. That night, after juggling through all of my other commitments, I studied from 10pm to 2:30am. Then on Wednesday, I squeezed in some final study time from 10am to 12:30pm before taking the exam at 1pm. I went through all the problems, thinking hard about how to solve them and recalling past problems to guide me. I wrote down everything I knew, tried different things, and came up with what I thought were acceptable answers. I barely finished on time and handed in my exam, semi-confident in my answers, overhearing everyone around me discussing how it was sorta easy. I failed. Badly. Geez, I cant seem to catch a break. Im getting a little tired of the studying harder than I ever had before and still failing. At least I did better than on my 14.02 exam back in December. Its becoming easy to fall into the trap of thinking Im stupid. MIT made a mistake in accepting me. But I often overlook that Im not a unique case. Nearly everyone else at MIT feels hosed and struggles as much as, if not more than I do, even if they dont look like it An important lesson: no matter how screwed you think you are, someone is always going to undercut you and counter your I only got 5 hours of sleep/studied for 8 hours and still failed! with a I only got 3 hours of sleep/studied for 20 hours/went to office hours and still failed!. Regardless of the exact quantities, it seems clear that attempting to defend oneself with a wall of But I did so much of this and that does nothing. So then what do we do? We try again. But then one might say But I keep studying harder and harder and harder for each exam but my scores never get better. I dont know what to do different I feel ya. And it may be different from person to person. I had increased the amount of time I studied tremendously and that didnt help. I switched to studying the text intensively to understand the concepts and that didnt help. It seems that no matter what I try I keep failing. There you go, youre now on your first step to becoming Batman. Yesterday I met with my 6.042 professor and department advisor Albert Meyer to discuss my performance. He told me that my studying was inefficient. My study plan had been rereading every single chapter and going through all the lecture videos and prep problems, thinking that was the way I could best understand everything weve covered. Meyer explained to me that that was a very inefficient use of my time and that I should instead go straight to doing problems and to review the lectures and book only when I got stuck. Doing it this way maximizes the time you spend on problems, which is, surprise, what the exams are made out of. This was a very promising solution, for I spent hours and hours reading text and watching lectures, but when I sat down to do problems, I could barely do any of them without first looking at the solution guide. Its hard for me to admit that my studying is still inefficient after all this time at MIT. But I admit it and that I need to keep growing. My current action plan is to minimize watching lectures and reading the text and instead to practice more problems. Its funny because 6.042 in itself is taught in a flipped classroom style to maximize working on such problems. And all of the 6.042 staff are saying that most students who do badly on the first midterm realize that they dont understand the material and they usually turn things around by the second midterm. I intend to be one of them. I also started thinking about how this translates into the real world and how intentions mean squat if youre not getting it right. Last week, at a leadership training program called UPOP, one of the things we talked about was the Challenger disaster. Afterwards I thought about the idea of being the head engineer and running up to my boss after the disaster proclaiming, But I spent 20 hours studying, went to office hours, and read all the readings, I couldnt have failed? and thinking that excuse would go over well. A little grim, but it really puts things into perspective. This was just an exam. Its basically a simulation. Training. There you go, youre now on your first step to becoming Theodore Roosevelt. So yeah, I guess my point is keep on trekking. Its only gonna get harder, but itll make you stronger if you let it. Work smarter, not harder, but keep working nonetheless. IHTFP.

The Gap Between Upper And Lower Class Essay - 1263 Words

On the 15th August 2015 First Minister Nicola Sturgeon stated â€Å"Scotland pioneered the idea of universal access to school education in the 17th and 18th centuries. Ever since then, a commitment to education has been part of our identity, part of our sense as a country†. Scotland as a nation is very proud of their Education System and the Government are continuously evolving it in the hope that all children get the education required in order to help them flourish and succeed in every aspect of life. Ms Sturgeon highlights that ‘background or circumstance’ should not hinder a child from receiving a good education. Her speech focused on the Attainment Gap (between Upper and Lower Class) and her Governments initiatives in how they plan on diminishing this gap; an important means of reducing this gap is by increasing achievement among students. Achievement is a relative concept linked to individual circumstances. Whatever the learning objective, reaching a goal is always an achievement. To increase achievement, we need to ensure all students have access to high quality education regardless of their needs and backgrounds (social justice). Social Justice and Inclusion We look at Social Justice and its’ effect on Students; are the areas where students born, nurtured and educated impacting their success in education and or in life? A basic understanding of Social Justice is â€Å"the fair and just relationship between an individual and society†, i.e equal rights and opportunities inShow MoreRelatedIncome Gap Between The Upper Class And The Lower Class1696 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased, causing an income gap between the upper class and the lower class. The country is becoming a banana republic in which most of the wealth is owned by the top 1%. This small percentage of the population is mainly composed of the entrepreneurs, businessmen, and lawyers. Although the United States is a democracy, in recent years, it has become a plutocracy nation. The wealth inequality plays a major role in this and if this trend between the upper class and the lower class continues it could causeRead MoreClass in America1189 Words   |  5 PagesMantsios Class in America In Mantsios article â€Å"Class in America† he states that Americans hold beliefs that blind them to social classes, citizens in America have four myths they use to ensure talk about the classes never take place. America has the largest gap between rich and poor in the world, and the lower class has no means to an end they can’t afford health care or quality education. The upper class avoids talk about social class the most; wealthy people don’t want to admit that they are betterRead MoreThe American Dream and Class Separation Essay example626 Words   |  3 PagesClass Separation lowers a person’s opportunity to achieve the American dream. As the separation between class increases, there is less possibility of achieving the American dream. Class separation has been around for a while. The higher class has higher prospect of achieving the American dream whereas the lower class does not. The separation between the class and its affect on achieving the Ame rican dream is demonstrated in the novel Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald, a political cartoon, The Great GAPsbyRead MoreThe Upper Middle Class : Great Impact On The Whole Society868 Words   |  4 Pagesclasses, such as the middle class has three different classes, lower-middle class, middle-middle class, and upper-middle class. Those classes inside a class also represent some kind of social problems as a whole. Recently there has been a hot topic whether the upper middle class has great impact on the whole society. The gap between the upper middle class and the rest of the middleman has become wider and wider because of incomes, education, families, and marriages. Since the gap is widening, it createsRead MoreRhetorical Strategies Of Richard Reeves s The Dangerous Separation Of The American Upper Middle Class 1060 Words   |  5 PagesDangerous Separation of the American Upper Middle Class Publisher, Richard V. Reeves, in his online article, The Dangerous Separation of the American Upper Middle Class, shares how income, education, and political power has caused a split in the upper middle class. Reeves s purpose is to convey the idea that the upper middle class has shifted from being a sociological curiosity to an economic and political problem. Reeves outlines how the upper middle class that was once considered an accessibleRead MoreAmerica s Income And Wealth Inequality987 Words   |  4 Pageshas continued to grow at an unsettling pace. The rich continue to get richer, while the number of people categorized as lower class grows exponentially. As Joseph Stiglitz has explained, many theories that are seen as strongly Republican, such as the trickle-down effect, has caused the rich to take money from the poor, and as a result the lower class grows and the middle class disintegrates. The top 1 percent of America’s households currently holds 30 percent of America ’s economy, which is much moreRead MoreThe Myth Of Individual Opportunity1306 Words   |  6 Pagesin the lower classes of American society. Notable educators and authors such as Gregory Mantsios and Diana Kendall have brought the problems of American society to attention, claiming that the rich are getting richer and the poor continue to remain poor. In his essay, â€Å"Class in America – 2009,† Mantsios discusses the myths that revolve around class in America, and then refutes these myths by describing the realities of the society Americans live in. Similarly, in her essay, â€Å"Framing Class, VicariousRead MoreSocial Inequality And Social Class Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesto the American people. Here in the United States, the current social class system is known as the class system, where families are distributed and placed into three different existing class—the upper class (wealthy), middle class (working), and lower class (poor). Since then , improvisations have been worked on into the class system, establishing now roughly six social classes: upper class, new money, middle class, working class, working poor, and poverty level. Social stratification is a widely commonRead MoreWage Gap Between The Middle Class And The Upper Class1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Wage is a topic that is constantly covered in the media. One big issue is the growing wage gap between the middle class and the upper class. While minimum wage increases are considered a good method to reduce income inequality, they are controversial since many business owners and economists argue that they increase the unemployment rate. Impact of minimum wage on employment One concern that is commonly mentioned during the debate on raising minimum wage is the loss of employment asRead MoreMacroeconomics Research Project : Income Inequality924 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation, or countries in the world. â€Å"One-fourth of American employees make less than $10 per hour, which is the income that below the Federal poverty level† (Amadeo). Those are the people like cashier, waiters, or fast food clerks. There is a huge gap between rich people and poor people. The rich people are getting richer while the poor people are getting poorer. This is a serious economic challenge that the United States has been facing for a long time period. The income inequality in the United States

Millennium Development Goals - 1536 Words

Why Millennium Development Goals Are Essential to Our Nation We live in a world that is dangerously out of balance. There are 1.1 billion people living on less than one dollar a day, an additional 1.7 billion people living on less than 2 dollars a day, more than 115 million children uneducated, and over 40 million people are HIV positive. These numbers show that there is great misery and unnecessary death in our world and that billions of people have little opportunity to lead a decent life and fully use their potential to develop as human beings. For the first time in human history there is an extremely powerful consensus in which the global community is attempting to work together in the hopes of ensuring that all people, everywhere,†¦show more content†¦Leadership in Support of MDGs: Promoting National Security The Millennium Development Goals represent a commitment by all nations and institutions to eliminate global poverty. The MDGs need to be emphasized and implemented at all stages and their success is highly dependent on financing the project. The UN Millennium Project is centered on the belief that .7 percent of rich countries GNP can provide enough resources to meet the goals. If every developed country followed through with a timetable to reach the necessary target by 2015, the world could make dramatic progress in the fight against extreme poverty. At the Monterrey Consensus a statement was made by the United States: we urge developed countries that have not done so to make concrete efforts towards the target of .7 percent of GNPÂ… (Sachs 338). This statement shows that the US is beginning to take leadership in the efforts to meet the MDGs; however, it seems that we are pointing fingers and not taking the proper action ourselves. In 2004 our government only provided .14 percent of the GNP, which is well below the target. The leadership of the United States has much importance because without public and political support for the developme nt goals, we are not only risking the lives of innocent people but we are also diminishing our national security and personalShow MoreRelatedMillennium Development Goals : The Millennium Goals1518 Words   |  7 PagesMillennium Development Goals The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are, eight goals put in place by the 191 UN states, the goals are set to be reached by the year 2015. Signed September of 2000, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2015, the United Millennium Declaration commits leaders of the world to combat literacy, hunger, environmental degradation, disease, and discrimination against women. 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EradicateRead MoreObjectives Of The Millennium Development Goals1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe project Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the goals made by all the United Nations member which design for addressing extreme poverty in many dimensions. The Millennium development Goals has drawn attention to 191 countries with eight international development goals in order to cutting the amount of extreme poverty worldwide in half within a set of time on 2015. The MDGs contain the goals of extreme poverty in income, education, gender equality, hunger, disease and environmental sustainabilityRead MoreThe Millennium Development Goals ( Mdgs ) Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were established in 2000 to determine, focus on and put into action steps that will fight eight key areas to help underdeveloped countries. 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Target 1.A is to halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 aRead MoreBrazil : The Millennium Development Goals1518 Words   |  7 Pagesas a country ravaged by poverty however, portions of it are; and its environmental stability is an enormous factor of this. In 2000 the United Nations concocted a plan to assist countries like Brazil; thus the Millennium Development Goals emerged. In essence, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs for short) are a set of targets set to challenge extreme poverty across the globe. As Brazil is not a ‘traditional’ country in the subject of poverty so a specific target had to be included for it to fitRead MoreImplementing The Millennium Development Goals1250 Words   |  5 PagesConsidering the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) faced major criticism, the pressure lies on the post-2015 development goals to provide a new and efficient se t of criteria for global development. The MDGs were perceived as limited and incomplete, and while there is a more extensive list of SGDs, they remain vague. Once gain the goals are high achieving and unattainable within a 15 year span. Although the world has succeeded in significantly reducing poverty, since the creation of the Millennium DevelopmentRead MoreMillennium Development Goals And Objectives Essay2100 Words   |  9 PagesFor this reason, the Millennium Development Goals, also known as Millennium Development Goals, were created by leaders of 189 different nations in the year 2000. Millennium Development Goals were originally set in place to better the lives of the world’s poorest people (Millennium Development Goal Achievement Fund, 2015). The Millennium Development Goals are considered to be the world’s â€Å"quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions†(UN Millennium Project, 2006). Yet, most

Do we need statistic quality criteria Free Essays

The intention is to compare statistical analysis methods and dependencies. With the transformation into quantitative variables a rationalization effect is desired. In this way extensive data can be reduced to its core. We will write a custom essay sample on Do we need statistic quality criteria? or any similar topic only for you Order Now To check the comparability required for that, quality criteria have been developed. These are according to current interpretation higher if the standardization of the research’s content, the course of the investigation and the setting is easily realizable. There are five different types of criterion of measurement. These five criterion of measurement are divided into two groups. The main group and the sub group. Objectivity, Reliability and Validity belong to the main group. Acceptability and Economy are the two parts of the subgroup. This paper is focused on the main group. Chapter 2 – Criterion of Measurements 1. Objectivity Objectivity is the extent to which a test result in implementation, analysis and interpretation can be influenced by an investigator or if more come to matching results. Neither the implementation nor the analysis and interpretation carried out by different researchers may therefore produce different results. The implementing objectivity requires that the test result is unaffected by the user. The interpretation f objectivity requires that individual interpretations can not be used towards the interpretation off result. For example to measure the screw length by a calibrated measuring equipment is an objective measurement but the survey of employees by their team leader for the leadership is very subjective. 2. Reliability Reliability indicates the reliability of a measurement method. An investigation is described as reliable if it comes to the same conclusion at a repetition of the measurement under the same conditions. It can be inter alai determined by a repeat examination (test-retest method) or other equivalent test (parallel test method). The measure is the reliability coefficient and it is defined by the correlation of the two investigations. An example off reliable question is â€Å"How many employees has your department? † In second question has a lower reliability because it is unclear who is defined as a â€Å"team player† and therefore different opinions can come into existence. 3. Validity Some people say that there is no validity but indeed there are quite different kinds of validity. This is certainly true but they have in common: validity or validity of these measurements describe the degree of accuracy with which a method measures what it purports to measure. An intelligence test for example is only valid when intelligence activities are measured and not primarily the steadiness. A test has content that is â€Å"true† the problem is to determine that. The name of â€Å"intelligence† (as well as â€Å"aggression†, â€Å"anxiously† etc. ) is a so called construct: constructs are concepts that more or less appear to be theoretically meaningful. The described is not observed directly but inferred from indicators. Constructs are under the theory useful assumptions. Basically it’s the problem of â€Å"truth† of statements which are hidden in the concept of validity: Are allegations true? In the example above: deserves a test that is sold as â€Å"intelligence test† this name? Psychologically more important is the â€Å"empirical validity† that means the match and predictive validity. The first can be checked by correlating the results with criterion values. In this way we could for instant demonstrate the validity of a calculation exam for the third school year by the correlation of the test results with the teachers’ Judgments. A predictive validity is situated close to determine, for example, when designing a school readiness test: After the test survey one should wait at least until the end of he first school year and then assess the correlation between test results and school performance. The test is valid if the correlation fails high. Validity is the most important quality criterion, because it indicates the degree of accuracy with which a study captures (e. G. Personality traits or behaviors). The validation is performed using the correlation with an external criterion. There are different types of validity: 3. Construct validity: Construct validity is present when measurements capture what they should mete ( if a construct is inferred from a high correlation then construct validity is the same as liability). If hypotheses are being derived from a construct it means high construct validity and consequently good empirical confirmation of this hypothesis. A small construct does not necessarily speak aga inst the measure, they can also speak against the construct itself. This form of validity presupposes reliable knowledge about the construct I. E. Knowledge of the relevant theories and the relevant findings. For the validity of an aggression test may speak, for example, when men achieve higher scores than women and when young men (about 20 years) have higher values Han older ones (about 40 years). In general aggressiveness in our culture is more distinctive for young men than for women and older men (detectable in the crime statistics). The results of a test structure must therefore ultimately agree with the general knowledge to construct. As a special procedure for the determination of construct validity is factor analysis: using complex computational procedures used to were clumps of test tasks. Usually it is not even particularly difficult to interpret these clumps (factors), one sees, for example are among many that (intelligence) tasks hose that require working with numbers, a special factor, as they will in future â€Å"number bound thinking â€Å"combined into one part test. Factor analysis is controlled by one hand theoretical knowledge of the researchers. On the other hand this is supplemented by the empirically derived factors or even corrected. Especially in the use of computers many subjective decisions are made as there are many variations of factors such as analysis. An example of high construct validity is about the Malaria experiment. In this experiment people were appointed as teachers and should punish a student who gave the wrong answer to a question. Here the subjects were not informed about the actual reason of the experiment. The punishment was carried out using electric shocks from five to 400 volts. The teacher (the subject) could not see the student but hear him/her. The student was not inflicted real harm. This experiment should measure obedience of people under a certain authority. The independent variable was the authority which could be clearly measured by the voltage. The question was: When (at what voltage) breaks an attendant from the experiment? So you can say: the higher the the more obedient are the students. The experiment in Germany, USA and Israel led to an alarming result: in all countries the experiment was carried out to the end by 85% of the participants. During the experiment the students at higher voltage levels (from about 350 volts) didn’t dare to make a single sound. Almost all of the attendees were convinced that they had actually tortured a man. 3. 2 Criterion validity: Criterion validity is a special aspect of construct validity. Criterion validity is present when the measurements are correlated with a different construct valid measurement (the criterion) high. The construct is defined only on the criterion validity. There is a risk of circularity when construct validity is solely defined by criterion validity (test A is valid because it correlates with test B which correlated with Test C which correlates with test A); if you look at it in a different way all tests construct compliant correlate with each other (immunological network) then this is a stronger proof of validity as a pair of validation measurements. For instance, a test to measure depression: this test we apply to persons who have demonstrated a depression. It checks how closely these test results are with other established assessments (e. G. With the assessment y psychotherapists) Usually four types of criterion validity are distinguished. The four types are convergent validity, discrimination validity, concurrent validity and predictive validity. 3. 2. 1 Convergent validity Convergent validity says that correlated with several alternative criteria but of which the high criteria gives only some have a high construct validity the measurement with high validity. Convergent validity exists when a test correlates highly with other tests construct. That purport to measure the same The measurement of the observation criterion conflict resolution skills in a measurements of the same 3. 2. Discriminate validity criterion in a team exercise. Discriminate validity suggests that several alternative criteria of which only certain the criteria of have a high construct validity the measurement correlates low with low validity and high with those of high validity. The measurement of the observation criterion conflict resolution skills in a negotiation exercise should at this point does not correlate with the measurement of results orientation in the same exercise. Content measurements should generally not relate. Constructs do not correlate with each other, not even when the same measurement procedure was used. Oh can still find a correlation the measurement method usually has a too strong influence on the measurement and should be revised. 3. 2. 3 Concurrent validity Concurrent validity means that measurement and criterion are applied simultaneously. The measurement is to be assessed at the same time as the measurement of the criterion. 3. 2. 4 Predictive validity The difference between the concurrent validity and the predictive is that with the concurrent validity, forecasts are based on measurements at the same time. Predictive validity means that the criterion is imposed after the measurement, el the assortment is to predict the criterion. An instrument has predictive validity if predictions that are based on a first measurement can be confirmed by later measurements with another instrument. Schnabel, Hill, Seer 1995) 3. 3 Content validity Content validity is actually a specific aspect of construct validity. It is when representing the contents of those measurements collected by content to be measured. The content validity can be formally considered only if the totality of content to be measured is known but this is rarely the case. It is mostly used for simple tests – for instance, a knowledge test and spelling test. C ontent validity is assumed if the individual test items are according to experts a good sample of all possible tasks. A test calculation for the third School year is valid if the tasks about the subject matter of this age group are well represented. 3. 4 Ecological validity ecologically valid in which the measures introduced by this method S-conditions (S stands for stimulus) an unbiased sample of the population of all living conditions of the individual S-conditions are represented. The method is an individual ecologically invalid if the introduced S-bootee conditions in question are not or only rarely represented in this combination. Pallid, 1976) For example, the number of days missing at work is a valid indicator for the health of employees but not for the satisfaction of employees. If they are at work you don’t know if they are satisfied or not. The attempt to measure the length of a screw with a measurement. 4. Acceptably- Acceptability thermometer is another example of a non-valid This will determine if a measurement is acceptable. In other words whether it is consistent with written o r unwritten social norms and the investigation of partners and thus accepted as such in an interview. 5. Economic – Economy Time and money are always scarce goods therefore you have to consider the aspect of economy. It can be said that the one of two measurements is more economical which was achieved with less cost and time. 6. Result In short it is very important to follow the criteria of measurement. If you don’t, your result is not valid. That your result is not valid won’t be your only problem. You can make a measurement and get a result of your measurement. But the result doesn’t represent what you want to measure. The best way to measure is, to measure with two groups. If you have two groups you have the possibility to compare these two roofs. How to cite Do we need statistic quality criteria?, Papers

Competition and Consumer Commission Implications †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Competition and Consumer Commission Implications. Answer: Introduction: The issues are whether the partners perform according to the agreed contract or not and will they have any right to take any action against Lance or not? According to the Partnership Act 1963, it defines the partners where they are in relation to dealing with them. It has mentioned under section 7, which explains the Rules for determining existence of partnership. It must exits according to the joint benefits. The section 10 has defined that the partners are bound to act according to the behalf of the firm. Therefore, one partner can act behalf of the others. The section 12 described that the firm will not liable for any act, which will be done by the partners. The section 13 is defined the liability of partners towards their firm where the partners are bound to act with limited partnership with the other partners and firms. If any damage occurs at the time of the performing business then the penalty will be imposed. The third party should liable for the damage and pay the compensation. The section 14A has defined that the liability of incorporated limited partnership is completely wrong and the penalty will be imposed. According to the Act, the firm can become liable if any collaboration in a partnership business performs wrongful work by their partners while running the business or any partner committed the same with the incorporation with other partners, then it will found liable for this. If any damage occurs at the time of the performing business then the penalty will be imposed. The third party should liable for the damage and pay the compensation. In the cases of Foote v Barton Property Partnership No 1 [2017], Dimitrios Christis v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2011] and Eden Construction Pty Ltd and Cesare Filardo v State of New SOuth Wales [2010] it has found the existence of partnership and the legal action has been taken against the damages. According to the case facts, it has found that Lynton is completely unaware that Lance has a purchasing limit and lance has instructed not to spend over $20,000. Therefore, according to the section 7, the existence of partnership has found. It has also stated that all the partners are bound by the terms and condition of the contract, which has signed between them. A particular amount also mentioned while purchasing the car and one of the partner, Lance has purchased a car from Lynton without maintaining the limited amount. Therefore, the sell has occurred between them that Lance has found with a wilful violation to the partnership contract while running his business. Therefore, according to the terms of business the other partners have right to found with liabilities to Lynton for his act. In the case of National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty, it has found that one partner has liable due to the wrongful act, the other partners have found guilty with the same liability regarding the damage, which has done by Lynton. In that case, the Australian High Court held that the basic rule of the partnership is that every partner is liable for the wrongful act of others while they are running a partnership business. Lynton can also hold liable make other partners according to the provision of section 14A of the Partnership Act 1963. In case of a partnership, each partner is enjoying all rights according to the norms of their business and one of the rights has become fiduciary relationship. The partners are free to file any case on reimbursement against Lance and can claim damage as Lance had failed to act in good faith. As per the case study, it can be concluded that all the partners are liable the wrongful act of others while they are running a partnership business. Lynton can also hold liable make other partners according to the provision of section 14A of the Partnership Act 1963. The issue is whether the consumer has any right to compensated for moisturizer and the terms of the contract are mandatory for Saqlaim or not? The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission and the provision of Australian Consumer Law is stated the present fact of the case. According to section 29 of the Act, restrictions are to be imposed on the advertised statements that make false conception regarding the goods. The intention of the statement is to promote the goods in a wrongful way. It is a common principle of law that once the offer regarding a contract is being accepted, the contract become legalise and binding the contracting parties. However, the terms of the contract should have to be legal in nature and the contracting parties must have the competency to enter into the contract. According to the terms of the business the consumers must not introduced with false representation. In the case of Australian Competition Consumer Commission v IMB Group Pty Ltd [2003], the Australian Federal Court has found misleading and deceptive conducts, which is against of trade practice. SAP Australia Pty Ltd v Sapient Australia Pty Ltd (1999) is another case of false Trade practice. Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2013] is another famous case where the misleading conducts has found but later Google found not guilty. Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Oceana Commercial Pty Ltd [2004] is another case where the misrepresentation has found in the trade practice business. As per the fact in this case, the partnership is not happy with the Ute they think they have bought a lemon. They decide to sell the car to Saqlaim a refugee from Syria who has little understanding of English. Fast-talking and charismatic Lance talks him into purchasing the car. He enters a contract with a finance company to purchase the car. A violation regarding section 29 of the Consumer Law has been made and Xiaojing will be held liable for misrepresenting the credibility of the product to earn profit from the same. Regarding the second issue, it can be stated that one of the parties of the contract, Saqlaim is bound by the terms of the contract, as the terms of the contract are legal in nature. It can. Therefore, it can be stated that Saqlaim has a right to sue Xiaojing for publishing false advertisement for the infringement of section 29 of the Australian Consumer Law. Conversely, he is bound by the terms of the contract. The misleading and deceptive conducts has found which is against of the Australian Consumer Law. The issue is whether Felix has any right to take any action against Xiaojing regarding the non-payment of promised money or not. The provision of Fair Work Act 2009 will apply in this case. As per this Act, it is the right of the employees to get incentives during the course of their. It is one of the important law which is governed by the Australian Government for providing a fair and equal work opportunities. The employees are entitles to enjoy every rights under this law at the time of their employment. The main problem regarding the payment of incentive is that there is no uniform law regarding the same. There is a general rule that states that the relating rules can be guided by the contract or registered agreement made in between the employer and the employees. According to the legislations of Fair Work 2009, the equality bargaining is one of the basic purpose where the both the men and women share equal rights in their work place. Under the employment contract, the equality always measured by individually. The good faith bargaining is the mandatory terms where the employees will work for their organizat ion with the entitlement of industrial interest. The fact of the case is Felix a uni student aged 20 is keen to earn some income during the summer holidays. He is employed as a casual to pick lavender. He will be paid $25 cash per bag. She reneges on her promise and Felix is outraged. He wants to know if he can sue Xiaozing for the $100. The issue is whether Felix has any right to take any action against Xiaojing regarding the non-payment of promised money or not. According to the facts of this case, it has been observed that there was no written or registered agreement existed in between the two. In addition, Felix was not a permanent employee. It has been mentioned that Felix can continue his job until summer holidays only. Conclusion The problem regarding the issue can be concluded with the observation that Felix cannot sue Xiaojing for the non-payment of promised money or incentives as no necessary criteria was fulfilled in this case regarding the claim for compensation. Reference Australian Competition Consumer Commission v IMB Group Pty Ltd [2003] FCAFC 17 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Oceana Commercial Pty Ltd [2004] FCAFC 174 Blackett-Ord, M., Haren, S. (2015).Partnership Law. Bloomsbury Publishing. Coffee Jr, J. C., Sale, H., Henderson, M. T. (2015). Securities regulation: Cases and materials. Corones, S. G., Galloway, T. (2013). The effectiveness of the best interests duty: enhancing consumer protection?. Australian Business Law Review, 41(1), 5-29. Dimitrios Christis v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2011] NSWCA 310 EDEN CONSTRUCTION PTY LTD and CESARE FILARDO v STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES [2010] ACTSC 96 (27 July 2010) Foote v Barton Property Partnership No 1 [2017] ACTSC 21 Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2013] HCA 1 6 February 2013 S175/2012 Kolivos, E. and Kuperman, A., 2012. Consumer law: Web of lies-legal implications of astroturfing. Keeping good companies, 64(1), p.38. National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty SAP Australia Pty Ltd v Sapient Australia Pty Ltd (1999) 169 ALR 1

Apple Company Analysis

Business plan Apple designs, manufactures and markets personal computers and related software, peripherals and personal computing and communicating solutions. Customers are attracted to Apple’s products for a variety of reasons, including the reduced amount of training resulting from the use of their products, advanced graphics capabilities in their gadgets, industrial design features of the Company’s hardware products, and ability of their products to network and communicate with other computer systems and environments.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple: Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The marketing department of the company addresses these attributes every time it makes communication to its customers. The key success factor has been creation of value by igniting people’s imagination to make a favorable impression of the products by means of brand positioning, advertising, and promotion. Strategies that the company has employed as means to retain, maintain, and sustain the loyalty of the customers are numerous. The first one, Apple has continued to engage in extensive research for the development of its products. Basically, the company considers the needs and desires of the customers before launching new products to the market. It relies on the feedback, both positive and negative, of the customers about its earlier devices and makes changes according to the desires expressed by the customers. One of the most common strategies that Apple’s former chief executive officer, Steve Job, employed in marketing is that, he never praised the Iphones and Ipads and the amazing magical features the both have; rather, he was focused on how the products can satisfy the customers. This same strategy seems to have remained in the company even after Steve Job’s departure. Innovation is the second key thing the company has focused on to impro ve and maintain customer loyalty. The gadgets have a fabulous look; very attractive for the customers to like them at first glance. Once the customers begin using these products, they get to enjoy the experience with the numerous applications that come along with the products. Moreover, as the company’s success depends on its technologically innovative products. Apple has implemented strict information protection policies in order to preserve the confidentiality of its trade information. In addition, Apple has specific policies for the communication to the press and financial analysts and only allows limited personal use of Apple-owned equipment. In order to prevent conflicts of interest, the company has identified several possible sources of such conflicts and recommended avoidance strategies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From a strategic viewpoint, Apple ’s code of business ethics aims at establishing ethical behavior which should lead to ethical decisions by its management and employees’ decisions that reasonable or typical stakeholders would find acceptable. This is because it aids the stakeholders, the organization, and the society. Actually, Apple strongly aims at establishing a culture that emphasizes the importance of ethics. Although Apple has developed a consistent and exemplary code of business ethics, it has not been successful in implementing all the three necessary steps for fostering an ethical organizational climate. Nevertheless, it has to be concluded that Apple definitely can be regarded as a role model in terms of emphasizing the importance of business ethics. Apple’s core fundamental principle is to use good judgment. The company is especially aware of its responsibility to shareholders, communities, and customers in conforming to legal/ethical boundaries and complying with applicable laws. In addition, the company’s employees are fully aware of their responsibilities and duties. Apple’s business standards include honesty, ethical awareness, avoidance of conflicts of interest, respect of confidentiality of internal information, highest standards of corporate citizenship(rules and laws), and the provision of benefits to communities through the company’s presence. Apple expects its employees, business partners, and other parties to comply with these standards and policies. Company analysis Today’s apple operation is very different from the way it was before. Currently, the company employs over 13000 workers globally with a revenue worth of over $ 30 billion within the year 2011. This is accounted for by the sales of the smart phones and the Ipads. However, the company also has a presence in the PC and computer industry with its macbook pro and macbook air, and the Macintosh computer doing relatively well in the industry. Other products include d igital video and music playing devices. The company also deals in software and services. The company has seems to have little focus on the PC market, since there currently four specific defined market segments in which it has laid much emphasis. The four market segments include, education, consumer, business and creative. Apple’s finance and treasury division has to provide the company with a sound financial policy, managing general obligations as well as special programs. A few of them are to mention: the company places their short-term investment in highly liquid securities issued by high credit quality issuers and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to anyone issuer. The firm’s general policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Apple: Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby it has financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments or other contingent arrangements that expose Apple to continuing risks and contingent liabilities. Therefore, a vibrant risk management taking care of hedging foreign exchange exposure, adjusting to local conditions and making use of â€Å"financial engineering† to secure capital flows is indispensable. The company’s leadership Steve Job can be described as the charismatic leader who possessed strong technical obsession, creative and innovative skills, enthusiasm, commitment and entrepreneurship. Moreover, Jobs possessed a business sense for the marketability of his products and therefore could streamline Apple’s product portfolio and introduce new and highly successful products such as the iPod. In addition, his user-friendly business approach did not only lead to increase d value for customers through user-friendly products but also put the customer in the centre of Apple’s business and constantly praises him as the best customer in the world. Currently the company is headed by Tim Cooke as chief executive officer. He was the former chief operation officer when Jobs was the CEO. Even though it might be hard to fit in to the shoe of Jobs, Cooke has done a lot to ensure that the company maintains its growth and high revenue and profits. Steve Jobs’ bibliography When Steve Jobs came back to Apple in 1997, he immediately recruited a new Board of Directors and had to reposition Apple in the evolving personal computer industry. In fact, Jobs also proved his capabilities of being able to make harsh decisions during the restructuring of Apple when he rescinded the licenses of competitors who have been cloning Macintosh computers and killed the Newton hand-held device. In short, Steve Jobs not only successfully pursued his vision for apple but a lso implemented necessary restructuring efforts in the past which led to an increase in the company’s profits and shareholder’s wealth. It is no doubt that Steve Job was the right man for Apple because he was not only admired by the Silicon Valley elite for the foundation of the company but also for his glamour, technological obsession, and the other characteristics and abilities discussed above. Moreover, Business week titled him one of the best managers 2010 as Job moved beyond computers to establish himself in two businesses where new comers rarely emerge unscathed: music and movies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steve Jobs was the first to find a way to compel consumers to pay for online music. Nevertheless, critics of Steve Job claim that he seems strangely uninterested in the â€Å"post-PC devices† and that he created a â€Å"reality-distortion field† as his enthusiasm for a favored technology is so great and his selling of it so sure, that anyone who meets him invariably feels converted. Steve Job can be seen as one of the fathers of Apple’s current digital hub strategy that has transformed the personal computer into a multimedia and entertainment hub that connects many devices. In fact, this strategy can be regarded as visionary and revolutionary as it is especially aimed at the future. Therefore, it can be concluded that Steve Job apparently has developed a coherent strategy to deal with future challenges and is convinced that his approach will lead the personal computer once again into a new era and therefore guarantee Apple’s future success. Conclusion Alt hough Apple’s core strategy has always been associated with Steve Job and his vision for the company, Apple’s other senior executives have shown that they are sufficiently skilled to contribute to the future success of the company. This is due to their strong professional background and the sharing of the company’s common values. Many of them come from other innovative and upright companies. Strategies that the company has employed as means to retain, maintain, and sustain the loyalty of the customers are numerous. The first one, Apple has continued to engage in extensive research for the development of its products. Moreover, several statements and their overall public behavior, show that they have also adopted the company’s norms and conduct their jobs in the ethical manner which is demanded through the company’s code of business ethics. In addition, as Apple doesn’t give any information concerning future strategies, products, and plans to the public, it can be followed that the internal communication and discussion among the company’s top management is not only fruitful but also characterized by the loyalty to the company’s norms and rules. So, it is obvious that Apple’s top management is highly involved in the internal strategic management process and contributes to the future success of the company. References Apple Press Information. (2012). latest press release. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/pr/ Biwin Semiconductors. (2012). Tablet PC and Smartphone will consume more than 50. Retrieved from http://www.biwinsemicon.com/en/about/XYXW/176.html Dredge, S. (2012). Smartphone and tablet stats: what’s really going on in the mobile market? Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/appsblog/2011/aug/01/smartphone-stats-2011 Etherington, D. (2012). Apple’s 2012: What the year in iDevices and Macs will look like. Retrieved from http://gigaom.com/apple/apples-2012-what-the- year-in-idevices-and-macs-will-look-like/ Hillis, S. (2012). Apple iphones to hit stores, jolt mobile industry. Cambrigde: Persues. Hubpages. (2012). NEW iPhone 5 (6 gen.) – coming October 2012. Retrieved from http://livelonger.hubpages.com/hub/new_iPhone ModdedLife. (2012). Apple 2012 Product Lineup – Credible Reports – All Apple products to Receive Overhauls in 2012. Retrieved from http://moddedlife.hubpages.com/hub/Apple-2012-Product-Lineup-Credible-reports-say-All-Apple-products-to-Receive-Overhauls-in-2012 Panzarino, M. (2012). This is how Apple’s top secret product development process works. Retrieved from http://thenextweb.com/apple/2012/01/24/this-is-how-apples-top-secret-product-development-process-works/ Siegel, M., Gibbons, F. (2009, July 13). Apple Inc. and the e Book Reader. Stanford University, school of engineering, pp. 1-36. Slivka, E. (2012). Apple Predicted to Discontinue 17-Inch MacBook Pro. Retrieved from http://macbookpro.macrumors.c om/ This research paper on Apple: Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Juliana P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule

William Oughtred and the History of the Slide Rule Before we had calculators we had slide rules. The circular (1632) and rectangular (1620) slide rules were invented by an Episcopalian minister and mathematician William Oughtred. History of the Slide Rule A calculating tool, the invention of the slide rule was made possible by John Napiers invention of logarithms, and Edmund Gunters invention of logarithmic scales, which slide rules are based upon. Logarithms Logarithms made it possible to perform multiplications and divisions by addition and subtraction, according to The Museum of HP Calculators. Mathematicians had to look up two logs, add them together and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter reduced the labor by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. William Oughtred simplified things further with the slide rule by taking the two Gunters lines and sliding them relative to each other thus eliminating the dividers. William Oughtred William Oughtred made the first slide rule by inscribing logarithms on wood or ivory. Before the invention of the pocket or handheld calculator, the slide rule was a popular tool for calculations. The use of slide rules continued until about 1974, after which electronic calculators became more popular. Later Slide Rules Several inventors improved upon William Oughtreds slide rule. 1677 - Henry Coggeshall invented a 2-foot folding slide rule for lumber measure, called the Coggeshall slide rule.1815 - Peter Mark Roget invented the log slide rule, which included a scale displaying the logarithm of the logarithm.1859 - French artillery lieutenant Amà ©dà ©e Mannheim invented an improved slide rule.1891 - Edwin Thacher introduced a cylindrical slide rule in the United States.The duplex rule was invented by William Cox in 1891.