Should Steroids Be Legalized - 2416 Words

John Arias Professor Meritz Composition 1 12/12/12 Is ‘Doping’ in Sports Really ‘Doping‘? Doping has widely become known as the use of banned substances and practices by sports personnel particularly athletes in an attempt to improve sporting performances. No sensible fan of sport today denies the prevalence of drugs in virtually every major sport, yet none would argue they can ever be eliminated completely. Money alone would seem to guarantee that much. High profile athletes today are competing for high stakes, not just millions, but dozens of millions. The fear of losing everything career, opportunity, contracts, name, fame, and money is pushing more sportsmen all over the world to use performance enhancing drugs, mainly†¦show more content†¦There are good reasons to allow performance enhancement, to make sport fairer and to narrow the gap between the cheaters and the honest athletes. It would provide a better spectacle, be safer and less coercive† (Foddy) Therefore, with the legalization of PED’s not only would the playing field suddenly be even for all players, it would be at a higher level. Furthermore, athletes on the way up whose entourages don’t yet include savvy physiotherapists and doctors would be less likely to overdose and do themselves harm. Society has an odd relationship with pharmaceuticals and medical technology. If something can be said to be natural, we tend to be ok with it. If it seems lab-made or synthetic we tend to be wary. But even synthetic drugs and manmade technology seem to be okay if the aim is to make sick or broken people well again. Steroids and doping help pitchers to throw harder, home runs to go further, cyclists to charge for longer and sprinters to test the very limits of human speed. A huge part of watching sports is watching the pinnacle of human athletic ability, and legalizing performance enhancing drugs would only help athletes climb even higher. Radley Balko stated in an article for Reason magazine that â€Å"Spo rts is about exploring andShow MoreRelatedShould Steroids Be Legalized? Sports?2108 Words   |  9 Pagesprofessional athletes in this era rely on performance-enhancing drugs, such as steroids, to take their athletic abilities to the next level. Over the years, steroid abuse in sports has only gotten worse. This is where the controversy occurs because some people think that the usage of steroids should be legalized in sports, while others do not like that idea. The National Institute on Drug Abuse stated that, â€Å"Anabolic steroids are related to the male sex hormones such as testosterone. They promote theRead MoreShould Anabolic Steroid Use Be Legalized?1821 Words   |  8 Pageslegalize anabolic steroid use. Since I was a young boy, I have seen several players stripped of titles, achievements, and even careers. In one scandal, Barry Bonds stripped of his home run record title for suspected steroid use. Years later, Lance Armstrong was stripped of all seven of his Tour de Fran ce titles for using anabolic steroids. While steroid use seems to be a common occurrence in the last few years, some supporters have risen to speak in favor of having steroids legalized in the world ofRead MoreThe Legalization Of Steroids Should Be Beneficial For The World Of Sport1226 Words   |  5 PagesSteroids seem to to be having a negative view for much of history. Steroids are drugs used by athletes to become stronger and achieve a strong physique. Steroids are illegal and are strongly discouraged to be used and may be seen first expressed during high school with the introduction of organized sport teams. The perspective against the legalization of steroids believes in the many benefits of legalization. The perspective for the legalization of steroid expresses the harmful effects of steroidsRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Not Be Legalized1129 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs should not be legalized ‘Olympic track star Marion Jones was sentenced in a federal court to six months in prison.’ (Kelly and Rao, 2008) The reason why Jones was guilty is because of the use of performance enhancing drugs since 1999. More and more famous athletes prove to have used banned drugs to enhance their performance. At the same time, the role that the anti-doping agency is more and more important in the world wide games, such as Olympic Game, Tour de FranceRead MoreWhy Do Scandalous Lawsuits Involving Athletes Abusing Substances Keep Popping Up?976 Words   |  4 Pagesgame. So why are substances that would further athletes’ skills beyond human levels so ostracized? Doping is the practice of using steroids and other illegal substances to boost performance in sports and athletics. The debate of the morality of such substances has been going on for decades and continues to affect the world of sports in many ways. At the moment, steroids and all other performance-enhancing drugs a re banned in their entirety from nearly all sports in most countries of the world. ScandalousRead MoreShould Drugs Be Banned?942 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered safe for humans to consume at any given period. This act has aided the farmers well, they can have more income due to steroid FDA has approved for the animals used for the production of meat. Steroids uses on animals’ are not primarily used for meat protection. They have some medical situations were steroids are given to animals especially domestic pets. Veterans use steroids to also aid in the growth of little animals, by the request of the owner, either to enhance growth and strength or to stableRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1551 Words   |  7 Pages162 games for using steroids (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although th ere are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1495 Words   |  6 Pages162 games for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreThe Athletes And Professional Athletes1455 Words   |  6 Pagesside with the discovery of performance enhancing drugs or steroids. Steroids work by allowing the body to produce artificial proteins, which as long as athletes work out, leads to increased muscle size and strength. Basically, this means that athletes can do unlimited repetitions and benefit from every rep. Where as an athlete not using steroids can only benefit from lifting weights when they have consumed enough protein. While using steroids muscles are also much more prone to rebuilding and repairingRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgames for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people are caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and many negative consequences are caused from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause

Discrimination And Prejudice By Harper Lee And Of Mice And...

Discrimination and prejudice were very common acts in the early and middle 1900’s. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck prejudice is displayed by the acts of hate towards someone’s color of skin. People of color were the majority, that were treated unfairly. During this time in the southern states, black people had to use separate drinking fountains, bathrooms, churches, and even go to separate schools. Even though much of discrimination was driven towards blacks, there were plenty of accounts towards poor families by those that had money. To Kill a Mockingbird, author Harper Lee uses memorable characters to illustrate racism in the segregated Southern United States in the 1930s. The novel is told through the eyes of Scout Finch, you learn about Atticus Finch, her father, an attorney who hopelessly perseveres to prove the innocence of a black man cruelly accused of rape. Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck is a novel of many themes and one of them is about discrimination direction against someone of a different race. This theme is quite important because it directly refers to the only black character in the book, Crooks. Steinbeck uses only one of the chapters in the book to explain the unfair treatment of Blacks but it’s enough to see the point. To Kill a Mockingbird The novel To Kill a Mockingbird has many accounts of racism and prejudice. One subtle example of discrimination the reader sees is the treatment of Calpurnia, a blackShow MoreRelatedAmerican History : The Dark Past1556 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican History: The Dark Past Unique characters, stimulating story plot and surprising endings are some reasons people in literature believe the two novels To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck have maintained their long standing positions in American literature. Readers and critics alike spend much time searching for what distinguishes these novels from others. As plain and old these books may seem, their messages are not. To some, the messages of these novelsRead MorePrejudice Is Responsible For The Destruction Of The Innocent2173 Words   |  9 PagesIn ‘To Kill a Mocking Bird’ Atticus says that, ‘it is a sin to kill a mockingbird’. How far would you agree that prejudice is responsible for the destruction of the innocent in ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ by Harper lee and ‘of mice and men’ by John Steinbeck? I believe that prejudice is a key theme in both lee and Steinbeck’s novels. It is partly responsible for the destruction of the innocent; but there are other key themes that are equally responsible for this destruction such as: loneliness and religionRead MoreEssay on Racism in Childrens Literature2376 Words   |  10 Pages how do we teach our children the great lesson that these brave authors intended? According to Rogets Super Thesaurus, racism is defined as prejudice, discrimination, bigotry, bias, segregation, apartheid, intolerance, and white supremacy, (463). Throughout the pages of our classic, timeless books, one can find numerous references of hate and prejudice. There has been a move by many to ban these books, but is that really the answer to the problem? As a mother, secure in my belief, I want my childrenRead More Childhood Presented in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison3594 Words   |  15 PagesChildhood Presented in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and The Bluest Eye by Toni Morrison Childhood should be a time of great learning, curiosity, joy, playfulness and guiltlessness. The reality is that it can be a time of extreme vulnerability and dependency. The innocence and fragility of a child is easily manipulated and abused if not nurtured and developed. Family relationships are crucial in the flourishing of young minds, but other childhood associations are important too. TheseRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesWorkshop 49 Guarding Against Discrimination Practices 65 DID YOU KNOW?: Is a Problem Brewing? 66 Determining Potential Discriminatory Practices 66 The 4/5ths Rule 66 Restricted Policy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Business Necessity 68 Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications 68 Seniority Systems 68 Selected Relevant Supreme Court Cases 69 Cases Concerning Discrimination 69 Cases Concerning Reverse Discrimination 71 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM:Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesModel 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity

Unknown Paper free essay sample

The unknown project was a very good realization of me and my partner going out by our selves. The very first day of the Unknown project I was acquainted with Denise who was very friendly and was very nice as far as assisting me in the project. The first day we were introduced too various different forms of the unknown such as broth, Blood agar plate, MSA plate, MAC plate, and the EMB plate. Before that we had done the 3 phase isolate which we had a possible of 10 points of achieving. In the isolation plate we had too take the sample of our unknown, which was the letter G. A fter we had done the 3-phase isolation plate we inoculated half of the plate, which was the S/D media. The Plate’s that we had provided too us were the BAP, MSA, MAC, and EMB. When we were successfully inoculated the S/D media the plates were put in the Incubator at approximated 37 degrees Celsius. We will write a custom essay sample on Unknown Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The second day we had came into the laboratory we had too read the Nutrient Agar plate that was the one that we had too the 3 phase isolation plate. My results were somewhat correct but I had a lot of backtracking. After that we had too read the S/D Media, which we had, too diagram and describe each of the plates that we had put in the incubator. Once they had come out of the Incubator the results that I had achieved was the MSA plate was yellow, stinky, I did have growth, there were a positive match for small colonies, and was shiny. The second one that I had achieved was on the MAC plate. The color on this specific plate was red, it had smelled rotten, there was definitely some growth on the plate the texture was shiny and was not raised. Out of these plates I had somewhat of a indication of what the specimen was since after the gram stain we had done in lab we found out that on the MSA plate we had achieved Gram positive bacillus and on the other one we achieve Gram negative bacillus which was the MAC plate. In that same day that we achieved the results we had too start the procedure on the  enterotube. The specimen that we used on that was from the MAC plate. Once we had scooped up the media from the MAC plate we had followed the correct procedure too drag the entire media throughout all the test subjects that were in the enterotube. After we were done with that we had too incubate the enterotube at 37 degrees Celsius. The third day of lab we came in and started reading our enterotube that was incubator. We had later noticed that the eneterotube’s were left in the incubator for a little too long which has damaged some of the results in the testing. For the most part we had a indication of what our gram positive was and we had found what our gram negative result by the appendix that we had used in our book. After all the testing with our gram stains and enterotube’s we had found out our Gram positive Specimen ended up being Micrococcus luteus. Then we had found out our Gram negative specimen was Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Those were the results that me and my partner Denise ended up achieving.

Scarlet Letter Philosophical Issues Essays - The Scarlet Letter

Scarlet Letter Philosophical Issues "Wilt thou let me be at peace, if I once tell thee?" asked Hester. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, life is centered around a stiff Puritan society in which one can not indulge in their deepest thoughts. Puritan society does not let human beings show how they really feel. Therefore Hester had to seek refuge to explore her inner thoughts, such as the forest. In the forest Hester brings out many hidden emotions, Hester shows her love for Dimmsdale, and the forest is a place where the both of them may have an open conversation without the constraints of Puritan society. The forest is a symbol of freedom. Nobody ever watched over the forest as a place of misbehavior, that is why people went there to do what they wanted. "Throw off the shackles of law and religion. What good have they done you anyway? Look at you, a young and vibrant women, grown old before your time. And no wonder, hemmed in, as you are, on every side of prohibitions. Why, you can hardly walk without tripping over the commandment or another. Come to me, and be masterless." Of coarse Hester takes advantage of this when she meets with Dimmsdale in the forest. She talks to him about things they could never imagine to discuss in any other place except the forest. "What we did had a concecration of its own, we felt it so, we said to eachother." Dimmsdale is shocked and tries to hush Hester but realizes he is in the safety of the forest and no one else may hear them. Just the thought of Hester speaking to Dimmsdale in their society is un mentionable. Yet in the forest they may feel free to do as they wish and not have to worry about any one else knowing. In Puritan society every one is assumed to be selfrelient. The puritans believe that you should have yourself to depend on emotionally, spiritually, and physically. Therefore Hester could never show her true emotions to Dimmsdale or for them to comfort each other. In the forest all of these cares are thrown away. "Be though strong for me, advise me what to do." This is Dimmsdale's cry for help to Hester, which they could never discuss in their Puritan village. When he asks her for help he shows that he thinks of Hester as an equal and he is not above her in any way. That may be one of the reasons Puritan society wouldn't allow such displays of emotion because the man was supposed to be in charge. Hester feeling in control gives a speech. " Begin all new! Preach! Write! Act! Whither leads yonder yonder forest track? Backward to the settlement, thou sayest, Yes! but onward too! Deeper it goes, and deeper in the wilderness until, some few miles hence, the yellow leaves will show no vestige of the white man's tread. This quote describes that their roles have been reversed, "The Pastor and his Parishioner." The forest brings out the natural side of whoever is occupying it at the time. When Hester takes of her hat and unloosens her hair, its like we see another person come out into the wilderness. We see the real Hester who has been hiding behind her Scarlet Letter "A." She becomes the Hester from Chapter 1 of the novel. She is the beautiful young lady that is not afraid to show her real beauty and to show off her hair. The sunshine that never shined on Hester seemed to find its place on her and made the whole forest glow. Dimmsdale too becomes vibrant and full of life, which was never shown from him and probably will never see it again. Puritan society may be a cruel and harsh place to live in, as shown by Hester. Hawthorne made the forest to give the people a place to get away from law and religion and express their true feelings. Their emotions were as energetic and wild as the forest itself. There are no setbacks in the forest because its an all natural place and that's what its meant for. In conclusion the forest was a place where Hester would seek refuge and love and freedom. Hester sought refuge in the vast freedom of the forest and could always look forward to speaking with Dimmsdale there. "Wilt thou let me be at peace, once I tell thee."

Government in a Marine essays

Government in a Marine essays A marine came into our class on Thursday to speak to us about his experiences on war and his opinions of war. The marine was a recruiter for the marine core and he had lots to say about joining the core and what the requirements are. He had been in the core for about 10 years so he had lots to share. I thought his presentation was very informative and I was observant throughout his speech. In this paper, I will be reacting to his presentation with comments about the marine core, the experiences the marine had, and the truth about war behind the wall of the media. The marine core is one of the highest qualified militant groups in the United States. The marines are required to carry out duties from protecting the president to charging into a country or city and bombing it to pieces. They are the most advanced militant group in the world with the highest available technology to get the job done. If you are privileged enough to become a marine, you could be one of the 100,000 United States citizens who are fortunate enough to join the marines. Unlike the army, navy and air force, the marines do it all. Everything from capturing war criminals to assassinating leaders and bombing countries. There is not a job that is to big for the marines. They are trained to become killing machines and they do not tolerate people who get in their way. With the United States being a super power, and the marine core being the best in the U.S., in times of crisis, the whole world depends on the marines to do their job and to make the right decisions at the right times. The marine said that they do not have time for racism and hatred towards each other because when they are on the battle field, everyone is a brother and everyone has to watch out for each other. As a marine, you are sworn to keep your missions confidential, and you are not allowed to discuss your missions among your family nor friends. The marine shared his feelings with us ...

7 steps to rock your face-to-face interview

7 steps to rock your face-to-face interview It’s time for your in-person interview. Maybe you’re here after acing an initial phone interview, or maybe you just skipped straight to this stage. You have a suit cleaned and pressed, copies of your resume ready in a folder, and dreams of new business cards dancing in your head. Here are the steps you should take in order to impress your interviewer enough so you keep progressing through the hiring process. 1. Know your stuff backwards and forwards.â€Å"Do your homework† and â€Å"be prepared† should already be catch phrases burned into your brain. You should be digging deep into industry research, looking for information about the company, its competitors, and anything currently or imminently relevant in the field. Scope out some current employees on LinkedIn. Learn everything you can so you can go in and dazzle them.2. Anticipate problems you’ll be asked to solve.Set yourself apart from the crowd by making sure to brainstorm solutions to the emp loyer’s problems before the interview. The open position is probably focused on one section of the company. Have ideas ready to describe how you will help solve issues specific to the department that is hiring. Show the value of what you bring to the table- in concrete terms. Make your interview not about you personally, but about what you can do for this employer.3. Get the intel on your interviewer.Figure out who you are meeting with in advance and study up. If you’re meeting with a rep from human resources and not the person you’ll work for, prepare to tone down the lingo and industry language you would use if a company manager were interviewing you. Pitch yourself the same way (super qualified, motivated, and a great fit), but tailor your presentation to the audience.4. Build a relationship.Establish a rapport by treating your interview like a conversation. Ask questions. Answer redundant questions as though you’d never heard them before. Find a way t o let your interviewer talk about themselves or the company; it will ease your nerves and also get them to open up a bit. Remember to listen and engage- conversation is a two-way street. Being interested can often be  more important than being interesting.5. Have stories ready.Anecdotes are great illustrations to the dry bullet points of your resume. For everything positive you’re going to say about yourself, be prepared to have an anecdote to illustrate and back it up. Describe specific actions and solutions you took in tricky situations. Paint a picture of just how clutch you are under pressure.6. Show how much you want the gig.It never hurts to show your enthusiasm for the job, the industry, or the company. Don’t be so enthusiastic that you bubble over and talk through every silence with your nervousness, but do express how excited you feel about the opportunity and the potential privilege of working there.7. Strive to impress in everything you do.Make an impact f rom the second you walk in the door: this includes being punctual and dressing like a grown-up professional. Mind your body language- watch the fidgeting- and shake hands with confidence. When you look and act the part, you’ll already be at such an advantage that the rest of it will come quite easily.

How Antibotic Resistance occurs and Prevention of Resistance Essay

How Antibotic Resistance occurs and Prevention of Resistance - Essay Example The situation is so serious that some medical experts have suggested the fact that the medical field might again fall into the dark period where there were no antibiotics (Davies & Davies 2010). Antibiotic resistance is a serious medical issue that is led to by many reasons and many drug resistance strains have of bacteria have resulted for example the strains of Neisseria gonorrhea. Antibiotic resistance has evolved owing to many underlying causes. Human activities have been a major cause. These include the utilization of antibiotics regularly for agricultural purposes and the disposing of wastes containing a high quantity of the antibiotics. Treatment plans for wastewater are also seen to have high quantities of genes and resistant bacteria. The incorrect use of antibiotics is another reason for the formation of drug resistant strains of bacteria. Genetic changes are the most common reason for the creation of resistance strains. The most common mutations are noted in the genes that code for the ÃŽ ²-lactamase enzymes. Intrinsic resistance is another process which results in resistant bacterial strains. This results as the genetic code of certain bacteria already possesses the capability of forming new resistant strains. Certain bacteria already possess the ability of preventing the functioning of antibiotics and hence this is also a cause of antibiotic resista nce (Davies & Davies 2010). Neisseria gonorrhea is a common bacterial agent which has had many genetic changes that have resulted in making many antibiotics ineffective in its treatment. Sulfonamides were considered to be the best treatment for gonorrhea but after a short period of their usage resistant strains of this bacteria came forward. Gonococcus bacteria have the capability to adapt to changes in their surrounding and undergo changes which is the reason for the

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DISCUSSION BOARD WEEK 6-1 - Essay Example Qualitative Market Research, 14(4), 430-440. The main aspect of qualitative research method is the definition of research questions (Branthwaite, & Patterson, 2011). Qualitative methods are based on tested variables and hypothesis within the area of interest. Thus, qualitative research is based on a general research question, which can be narrowed down to the preferred research question. In addition, qualitative researchers are interested in exploring patterns that defines different research variables. Identifying patterns that define different research variables is the interesting element of qualitative research. This is because a qualitative researcher is capable of responding to research questions that cannot be addressed through the usual research techniques. This article provides basic guidelines for choosing appropriate design for my research topic. For instance, the article addresses design of research hypothesis and questions. Butler, A. C. (2010). Repeated testing produces s uperior transfer of learning relative to repeated studying. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition, 36(5), 1118-1133. According to Butler (2010), qualitative research question are created in neutral and exploratory language. This enables researchers to define several variables through a single research question. ... Qualitative research address question of ‘what’ and ‘how’. These questions explain or explore a certain pattern that is related to social behavior or trend. The article provide a concrete basis for development of research questions. Ring, N., Jepson, R., & Ritchie, K. (2011). Methods of synthesizing qualitative research studies for health technology assessment. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 27(4), 384-90. Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), explores the impacts of technology on research. The researchers explore ways in which information technology can be applied in social research. Although the study is based on health assessments, it provides a general overview of qualitative research and its application. According to the article, qualitative research has the ability to respond to research questions that cannot be answered using alternative research methods. The article examines the role of technology in cubing Medicare fraud. A ccording Ring, Jepson, & Ritchie (2011), application of information technology in healthcare centers and institutions will greatly reduce cases of Medicare fraud. Jacobson, P. D (2001). Regulating Health Care: From Self-Regulation to Self-Regulation?  Journal of Health Politics, Policy, and Law. 26 (5) 1165–78. Jacobson, P. D (2001) explore the role of the authority in regulating the health sector through appropriate ethical practices. According to the article medical fraud, signify unethical performance within health institutions. The article explores the role of healthcare professional in regulating the health sector. The article defines the different trends that characterize Medicare fraud. This provides a significant aspect

History of Table Tennis Essay Example for Free

History of Table Tennis Essay The sport got its start in England towards the end of the 19th century when, after dinner, some upper-middle class Victorians decided to turn their dining room tables into miniature versions of the traditional lawn tennis playing field. Several different every-day objects were employed in constructing the sport. They used a line of books as the net. Rackets were lids from empty cigar boxes, and a little later, parchment paper stretched around a frame. The ball would be either a ball of string, or perhaps more commonly, a champagne cork or rubber ball. Before â€Å"Table Tennis.† When the game first started it was called by a number of different names. â€Å"Whif whaf,† â€Å"gossamer,† and â€Å"flim flam† were commonly used to describe it. The words, as can be assumed, were derived from the sound that the ball made when hit back and forth on the table. In 1901 though, English manufacturer J. Jaques Son Ltd registered one of the more popular names, Ping-Pong, as a copyright. He later sold the trademark to the Parker Brothers in the United States. Then in the 1920s the name and the sport were revived in Europe as table tennis. Evolution The turn of the century brought many other refinements to the sport. Players started using celluloid balls after the English man James Gibb discovered them during a trip to the United States in 1901 and proved them to be perfect for Ping-Pong. In 1903, E.C Goode replaced parchment paper and cigar box lids with pimpled rubber on light wooden â€Å"blades† as rackets. And after the world championships in Prague in 1936, where two defensive players took over an hour to contest one point, the net was lowered to make the pace of the game-play faster. (In another effort to make the game more fast paced and entertaining, rules were again changed in 2001- see Rules). It Spreads Also around this time, the sport spread to other European countries and to the United States. Asian countries like China, Korea and Japan are understood to have learnt about it from British Army officers who held posts in those places. There was an unofficial world championship held in 1901, but the first official world championship was held in London in 1927 by the International Table Tennis Federation. The ITTF was founded in Berlin in 1926 by England, Sweden, Hungary, India, Denmark, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Wales. Asian Factor Although it may seem today that the sport, in the professional realm, is dominated by Asian countries like China and Korea, it wasn’t always that way. Before the late 1950’s and early 60’s, European players from Hungary especially, but also from France and Sweden seemed without competition. But in 1952, Japanese player Horoi Satoh introduced the foam rubber paddle. The paddle made the game faster and spinning the ball became an even greater factor. Japan became the main winner in the world competitions in 1960, and by the mid 1960’s China took over the reigns through to the early 1980’s. Their absolute domination of the sport was finally subdued with the entering of table tennis into the Olympic Games in 1988 and the participation of players from Korea and Sweden. Table Tennis and the Cold War On April 6th, 1971, the US table tennis team was invited on an all-expenses-paid trip to play in China. Four days later, nine players, four officials and two spouses crossed the bridge from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland. They were the first group of Americans to be allowed into the country since the communist take-over in 1949. One of the first signs during the Cold war of improved relations between the United States and China, Time magazine called it â€Å"the pong heard throughout the world.† It was shortly followed with a visit to China by President Nixon. Facilities and Equipment The Table The playing surface, should be rectangular, 2.74m long and 1.525m wide, and shall lie in a horizontal plane 76cm above the floor .The playing surface should not include the vertical sides of the tabletop. The playing surface should yield a uniform bounce of about 23cm when a standard ball is dropped on to it from a height of 30cm. The playing surface shall be uniformly dark colored and matt, but with a white side line, 2cm wide, along each 2.74m edge and a white end line, 2cm wide, along each 1.525m edge. The playing surface shall be divided into 2 equal courts by a vertical net running parallel with the end lines, and shall be continuous over the whole area of each court. For doubles, each court shall be divided into 2 equal half-courts by a white center line, 3mm wide, running parallel with the side lines; the center line shall be regarded as part of each right half-court. The Net Assembly The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm high, the outside limits of the post being 15.25cm outside the side line. The top of the net, along its whole length, shall be 15.25cm above the playing surface. The Ball The ball shall be spherical, with a diameter of 40mm.and weigh 2.7g. The ball shall be made of celluloid or similar plastics material and shall be white or orange, and matt. The Racket The racket may be of any size, shape or weight but the blade (wooden face) shall be flat and rigid. The covering material (rubber sheets) shall extend up to but not beyond the limits of the blade, except that the part nearest the handle and gripped by the fingers may be left uncovered or covered with any material. The surface of the covering material on a side of the blade, or of a side of the blade if it is left uncovered, shall be matt, bright red on one side and black on the other. Slight deviations from continuity of surface or uniformity of color due to accidental damage or wear may be allowed provided that they do not significantly change the characteristics of the surface. Rules of the game Serving The server shall project the ball near vertically upwards, without imparting spin, so that it rises at least 16cm and then falls without touching anything before being struck. The ball shall not be hidden from the receiver by any part of the body or clothing of the server or his doubles partner and as soon as the ball has been projected, the server’s free arm shall be removed from the space between the server’s body and the net. If the umpire is doubtful of the legality of a service he may, on the first occasion in a match, declare a let (see below) and warn the server. Any subsequent service of doubtful legality of that player or his doubles partner will result in a point to the receiver. Whenever there is a clear failure to comply with the requirements for a good service, no warning shall be given and the receiver shall score a point.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy And Exposure With Response Prevention In T

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy And Exposure With Response Prevention In The Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder with psychological, physiological, developmental, and cultural components. The disorder is commonly characterized by binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, and the misuse of diuretics, laxatives or enemas. Patients properly diagnosed with bulimia nervosa endure many psychological and physiological problems. In order to alleviate these problems for the patient, usually some type of intervention is required. Considering the financial costs to the patient who seeks treatment, it is important to identify effective and efficient treatment programs. Due to the wide variety of individual patient differences, it would be unwise to proclaim one treatment method as the universal cure for bulimia nervosa. However, identifying what methods work under particular conditions may help therapists tailor an individualized treatment program after a careful assessme nt of the client. Having this knowledge would potentially save both the client and the therapist a lot of time and frustration; not to mention, the patient would be on the path to recovery sooner. Kaye et al (1999) stress the importance of making progress towards the understanding and treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa, in order to generate more specific and effective psychotherapies and pharmacologic interventions. In this paper, I will present my analysis of two methods used to treat bulimia nervosa. The first method is cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa; this method is quite popular among psychologist... ...ing in bulimia nervosa: A crossover study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 177, 259-266. Sloan, D. M., & Mizes, J. S. (1999). Foundations of behavior therapy in the contemporary healthcare context. Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 255-274. Spangler, D. L. (1999). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa: An illustration Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 699-713. Steel, Z. P., Farag, P. A., & Blaszczynski, A. P. (1995). Interrupting the binge-purge cycle in bulimia: The use of planned binges. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 199-208. Vaz, F. J. (1998). Outcome of bulimia nervosa: Prognostic indicators. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 45, 391-400. Walsh, B. T., & Devlin, M. J. (1998). Eating disorders: Progress and problems. Science, 280, 1387-1390.

Sociology practice

This situation Is an example of: Selected Answer: d. Both a and c Question 2 0. 5 out of 0. 5 points Sarah works as a lawyer in a prominent law firm in New York City. She has more awards and recognition in her field than any of her colleagues, and has also been with the firm the longest (aside from the partners). When one of the partners retires, Sarah applies for the promotion.She assumes that with her numerous awards and years with the firm, she will get the promotion to partner. However, John, a far less experienced and qualified lawyer Is given the promotion Instead. Sarah may be the victim of: Selected Answer: c. Glass ceiling Question 3 O out of 0. 5 points Mexican Americans, Irish Americans, and Muslims are all examples of: Selected Answer: c. Both racial and ethnic groups Question 4 whereas women. Is a relationship in which one woman is married to multiple men, s a relationship in which one man is married to multiple Selected Answer: b.Polyandry; polygon Question 5 Sally has worked at General Motors for many years. She started off as a factory worker, worker her way up to factory manager In Just a few years, and Is now a regional director for all GM factories in the Midwest. This scenario is an example Selected Answer: a. Upward intergenerational mobility Question 6 The trend of credentials in the U. S. Has disadvantaged Blacks and Latino. These groups are less likely to be able to afford a college education, and as a result, re finding it increasingly difficult to find a well-paying Job.Which theoretical perspective would be most likely to make this argument? Selected Answer: a. Hidden Curriculum Question 7 The former caste system in India, in which people were unable to marry and work outside of the caste they were born into, is an example of what kind of stratification system? Selected Answer: c. Closed System Question 8 Ryan holds strong beliefs about people and is always willing to voice his opinion. For example, whenever a conversation about drivi ng comes up, Ryan is always quick o share his opinion that females and Asian-Americans are bad drivers and make it more difficult for White males to drive safely.Which concept best describes Ryan's beliefs? Selected Answer: d. Stereotype Question 9 Increasingly, the number of degrees/diplomas needed for many Jobs has increased over time. For example, Jobs that only required a high school diploma in the past now require a bachelor's degree. This trend is known as what? Selected Answer: b. Credentials Gender is not socially constructed; gender is determined by biological differences between males and females. Selected Answer.

Asses the Contribution of Functionalism to Our Understanding Essay

Functionalist views are based on that society is a system of interdependent parts held together by a shared culture or consensus. They believe that every part of society performs functions that help keep society running effectively. They use the example of a body to explain the way society runs as each part of our body has to work together in order for us to stay alive this is the same as society according to a functionalist. Education according to Emilie Durkheim (1903) consists of two main functions, creating social solidarity and teaching specialist skills. Social solidarity is the sense of being part of a group or society. Functionalists believe this is key to making education run accordingly as without social solidarity people would only self indulge in their own desires. Education helps to create social solidarity as it helps transmit societies culture, beliefs and values from ‘generation to generation‘keeping society running correspondingly. Schools also act in preparing children for society in real life by teaching the concepts of working together with people you do not always no. his links with working as in work you have to work coherently with people who you will not know. Specialist skills are having the necessary skills to perform their role in education to the ‘bride way’ towards working life. Education helps children prepare for this through teaching children in different a range of subjects which they will then come to specialise in the subjects they are good in which will in turn help them earn mon ey in society in later life. Education also according to functionalists gives all children an equal opportunity to develop on their own individual talents also known as meritocracy which is achieving through your own effort. Davis and Moore (1945) argue that education sorts children into their future educational roles by sorting their ‘aptitudes’ and ‘abilities’ which also links to social solidarity as to do certain jobs you need the necessary qualification and experience. However there are criticisms of functionalists and education. Melvin Tumin (1953) put forward a circular argument and criticises David and Moore by putting forward such questions as ‘how do we know what job is more important? ’ answer ‘because it’s highly Rewarded’ and why are some jobs higher rewarded than others? ’ answer ‘because they are more important’. Marxists believe that society only transmits the ideology of the ruling class therefore it disadvantages the working classes in education. One example is that Marxists prepare the working class for there jobs through education therefore it is only transmitting values of the ruling class. Also Marxists believe that the state is controlled by the ruling classes who transmit the ideology state apparatus which is that it maintains control through controlling people’s ideas, values and beliefs through religion, mass media and the education system. This criticises the functionalist view as social solidarity is meant to transmit these values and beliefs which according to Marxists are only means to control the working class. Meritocracy according to Marxists is a myth as we are controlled by the higher classes and we cannot achieve our status we ascribe our status. Another big criticism of functionalism in education is that functionalists believe that everybody at school behaves and accepts all that is taught when this is not the true case. It does not explain why some people come to fail examinations if everybody works in a general ‘consensus’. Dennis Wrong (1961) refers to this as ‘puppets in society’. The new right believe that the state fails to prepare the young for work as the state discourages choice and competition. Another disadvantage is that functionalists cannot explain under-achievement and inequality of opportunity in education. In conclusion Functionalism has a good general understanding of Education but it has quite obvious flaws as not everybody is going to get on in society so it is impossible to have a general consensus. Also the disadvantages of Functionalism in education seem to out weigh the positives therefore functionalism does not give a real positive understanding of education.

An Online Degree Out of High School Essays

An Online Degree Out of High School Essays An Online Degree Out of High School Essay An Online Degree Out of High School Essay Essay Topic: High School Much has been said as of late about the Internet and the many things that it offers in terms of educational options. Colleges and universities – catching on to the growing popularity of the Internet and their need to stay competitive with students that are facing non-traditional situations – are now offering online degree programs, where their students can pursue their education through the computer. This has opened up the world of higher education considerably for those who may not have the time or inclination to travel to and from a traditional campus and sit in a classroom; or those who live too far away from their college of choice. For older students who are already ensconced in their career or are raising a family they may choose to pursue an online degree to accommodate their need for flexibility. But while an online degree program is perfect for those non-traditional students that are in many different stages in their life, it is also quite suitable for those who have just graduated from high school and would normally go on to a traditional college or university. The reality is that even just out of high school some students are facing situations where they require significant flexibility and an online degree program allows that to happen. With an online degree program, students – even those just out of high school – can work online at their own pace and to best suit their schedule. Registered students can logon to the college’s website where they can complete reading, do their assignments, chat with their professor or classmates, and even take quizzes and exams. An online degree program is just the same as a traditional degree program at any college or university; the only difference is the logistics of how the class is attended. But this non-traditional method of earning a degree opens a world of possibility for those in need of a little flexibility.

How to Answer the Biggest Challenge Interview Question

How to Answer the Biggest Challenge Interview Question Part of the interview process is taking a frank look at challenges you’ve faced in your previous jobs. The interviewer is trying to figure out how you would approach problem solving in your new role, and see if there are any red flags. (Hint: â€Å"Dealing with the stupid people around me† is never gonna be your ideal answer when asked about previous challenges in your professional life.) If the interviewer does ask you a question like, â€Å"What’s the most difficult part of being a [current job title]?† or â€Å"What was the toughest part of your last job?† here are ways you can frame it to make yourself look awesome.DO think about this beforehand.It’s a common enough question that the interviewer can reasonably expect you to be ready to think on your feet. If you need a review on some of the most common interview questions, head over to this article on the most common interview questions.DON’T pretend your career has been a breeze u p to this point.It can seem tempting to make it look like you handled every issue with the ease of Roger Federer returning a serve–but making it seem like you never had any challenges or struggles won’t make you look like some kind of suave champ. It’ll make the interviewer think you’re a) not taking the question seriously; b) can’t think on your feet; or worse, c) being dishonest.DO tailor your answer to fit the job description of the position for which you’re interviewing.Unless you’re making a big career change or applying for a big stretch position, chances are your previous experiences will work nicely with the needs here. Before the interview, review the tasks and responsibilities associated with this job, and dig back in your mental archive for similar issues you’ve tackled in your current or previous jobs. Try to avoid purely personal anecdotes (about family or friend conflicts). The interviewer isn’t interviewin g a buddy, he or she is looking for a strong employee.DO be specific about why your challenges were challenges.You want to show off your problem-solving process, so offer as much context as possible so that the interviewer can see how you’re connecting your past with your present (and ideally your future) professional self. Also, sum up with what you learned from the experience. (Example: After we got through the event totally shorthanded, I developed a â€Å"Plan B† coverage system that meant we always had backup in case we found ourselves in another crunch.)DO make sure your anecdotes show you in a positive light.You don’t get bonus points for brutal honesty here. If you were facing a challenge because of a mistake or because you dropped a ball, that’s not the one to highlight here. Focus on situations where your actions made you a hero (small h, no kitten rescuing necessary), not situations that featured you digging out of a hole you made yourself. Tho ugh even heroics aren’t necessary- if you were part of a team that had to solve an issue, and you took charge of any part of the process, that’s fine too. You want to demonstrate strong leadership and problem solving, whatever you choose to highlight.DON’T panic if you don’t have a very long work history.If you’re just out of school or are otherwise just starting out, this question can be daunting- how would you have had work challenges if you haven’t really worked yet? In this case, it’s totally fine to use an example from your education, or your volunteer work, or other activities (sports, extracurriculars, etc.). Again, though, make sure you tie it to your professional life, and especially the job description. Make sure it demonstrates your leadership skills, not your failures.

OReilly v Mackman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

OReilly v Mackman - Essay Example This case is primarily one which was concerned with the procedural niceties of judicial review, laying out the principle that public law claims were to be dealt with exclusively by judicial review and private law claims were to be dealt with by Writ. Therefore this decision set a precedent in that it resulted in a locking of the remedies of injunction and the declaration that had entered the realm of the public domain by Common law, permanently into that domain. This does not appear to have been the original intent behind Lord Diplock’s judgment, for he has clearly stated that the â€Å"Order 53 does not expressly provide that procedure by way of application for judicial review shall be the exclusive procedure available† for obtaining remedy by injunction or declaration for infringement of rights under public law2. However, the fact that in this case, the invocation of a Writ was deemed to be an abuse of the process of the Court resulted in the subsequent position in law that only through the invoking of public law procedure could the remedies of declaration and injunction be obtained under judicial review. The orthodox approach to judicial review is based upon the absolute and indivisible sovereignty of the British Parliament3. The O’Reilly case also established that if the nature of the claim that is being made is that the public body acted ultra vires or outside the scope of its statutory powers, then this is a matter for judicial review. The ultra vires doctrine is based on the principle that all legal duties are created by Parliament4, therefore, the judicial function extends to the scope of controlling of the exercise of such statutory powers.  

Impact of Emergence of Global Competitors on EU Essay

Impact of Emergence of Global Competitors on EU - Essay Example The European Union needs to restructure its economic policy in order to have an interest driven approach. The Chinese are willing to work with the emerging economies unlike Europe which is keen on majorly working with United States of America. Europe suffers from internal divisions, giving the Chinese a better competitive chance. The poor coordination between the member states of EU benefits Beijing directly. The euro zone does not depend on the European central bank when it comes to the bonds issue. Rather, it is dependent on various governments. The rise of emerging economies like China and India has an implication to the competitiveness of the EU. The union must have internally robust structures and engage the rising economies in a meaningful way in order to remain relevant. Regional competitiveness is defined as the ability of a locality to generate sustainable environment and attractive conditions to local residents and firms. Europe was perceived as a source of inspiration by the traditional Chinese revolutionaries. The post revolutionary generation has been looking to United States for the same. The economic interaction between China and Europe has been expanding from 2004. In 2011, the European foreign investment in China reached â‚ ¬17 billion. This was an all time high. The European exports to the Chinese economy are increasingly overtaking imports. In 2009 and 2011, the Chinese investments in Europe tripled to reach â‚ ¬7 billion. The growth was experienced in multiple sectors of the European Union economy. The debt crisis has caused the Chinese to turn to European bonds for investment. This paper discusses the emergence of global competitors and threat to the economic competitiveness of EU. The development of the china-EU relationship The bilateral trade structure There is a lack of a comprehensive reorientation in the way China approaches Europe. This attitude began after the fall of communism (Alon 2009). There is a lack of specific knowledge among the small countries in the EU. This means that some countries do not appreciate their role in the EU and EU-Sino relationships (Crossick & Reuter 2007). The weak or non-existent structures in the EU-China relationships have caused Germany and China to enjoy more trade compared to other European countries. Beijing has found it difficult to develop foreign policy towards Europe (Luo 2010). This is because of the parochial misapprehension and a bilateral trade structure that has suffered to from extreme weaknesses in the previous decades. Research shows a lack of mutual comprehension between China and Europe (Crossick & Reuter 2007). The European products are increasingly gaining access to China. China continues to view Europe as a zone for instability. The member states mu st assent to any agreements between Europe and China. This means that over 20 countries can influence such decisions through committees. This structure has made the bilateral ties slower to implement. The individual states of European Union come together under the policies on international affairs, human rights and liberalization (Wiessala et al 2009). London has been specifically vocal. A third of the budget of the European Union is spent trying to help China achieve the world trade organization standards (Wiessala et

Freedom of Religion in the Bill of Rights Research Paper

Freedom of Religion in the Bill of Rights - Research Paper Example Moreover, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment prevents the government from making laws that establish any religion as the state religion. This clause ensures the secular nature of the US Constitution. The First Amendment to the US Constitution deals with religious freedom. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances...Amendment 1 (The United States Constitution, 2009). The First Amendment also provides the right of Freedom of expression. These rights cannot be interfered with by the government. Freedom of expression includes the rights of Freedom of speech, press, and assembly. It also includes the freedom to petition the government for a redressal of a grievance. The Supreme Court and the lower courts have interpreted the definition of the freedoms provided by the First Amendment to the Constitution, through their case law. These freedoms and rights apply to all the people who live in the US, and not just its citizens (Citizen Rights). The Establishment Clause precludes the government from enacting legislation that accords any religion the status of the state religion. It also prohibits the government from treating any religion with greater preference than the other religions. This clause has been interpreted by the courts to engender separation of Church and State. The Free Exercise Clause restricts the government from interfering with any individual’s religious practices. All the same, civil and federal laws are permitted to restrict religious acts and ceremonies, wherever warranted (Citizen Rights).

Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride In Tablets

Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride In Tablets ABSTRACT This chapter describes method development and validation of UV First Derivative Zero Crossing method for simultaneous determination of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in tablet dosage forms. AIM The main aim of the present study is to develope a simple, sensitive and cost effective UV spectroscopic method for the simultaneous estimation of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in tablets, on the basis of zero Crossing measurement. Validation of the developed method for routine analysis of Alfuzosin Hydrochloride and Dutasteride in tablets for quality control laboratories. RATIONALE Alfuzosin Hydrochloride is an alpha-adrenergic blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It works by relaxing the muscles in the prostate and bladder neck, making it easier to urinate Dutasteride belongs to a class of drugs called 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, which block the action of the 5-alpha-reductase enzymes that convert testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Recently both the drugs have been marketed in combination (Alfusin D acts on both the dynamic and the static components of BPH) in tablet dosage forms; combined oral administration has been found to be more effective than either single drug. To the best of knowledge, no derivative spectroscopic method available for simultaneous determination. Derivative spectroscopy provides a greater selectivity than common spectroscopy. RESULT AND CONCLUSION A simple, accurate and precise spectroscopic method was developed for  simultaneous determination of LER and ATE in tablets using first derivative  Zero crossing method. LER shows ZCP at 231 nm while ATE shows ZCP at  250 nm. The 1D amplitude was measured at 250 nm for LER and 231 nm For  ATE and calibration curves were plotted as 1D amplitude versus concentration,  respectively. The method was found to be linear from 4-28 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for LER  (r2=0.9967) at 250 nm and 5-30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for ATE (r2=0.9996) at 231 nm. The  within day and between day variations showed coefficient of variation (%CV)  values 1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.2.1 BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH): It is characterized by hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells, resulting in the formation of large, fairly discrete nodules in the periurethral region of the prostate. When sufficiently large, the nodules compress the urethral canal to cause partial, or sometimes virtually complete, obstruction of the urethra, which interferes the normal flow of urine. It leads to symptoms of urinary hesitancy, frequent urination, dysuria (painful urination), increased risk of urinary tract infections, and urinary retention. Although prostate specific antigen levels may be elevated in these patients because of increased organ volume and inflammation due to urinary tract infections, BPH is not considered to be a premalignant lesion. Adenomatous prostatic growth is believed to begin at approximately age 30 years. An estimated 50% of men have histologic evidence of BPH by age 50 years and 75% by age 80 years. In 40-50% of these patients, BPH becomes clinically significant. How does BPH occur? The prostate goes through two main periods of growth. In early puberty, the prostate doubles in size. Then, around age 25, the prostate begins to grow again and continues to grow throughout most of a mans life. The continuing enlargement of the prostate does not usually cause problems until later in life. However, the second period of growth may, many years later, result in BPH. According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK): BPH rarely causes symptoms before age 40. More than half of men in their 60s have some symptoms of BPH. As many as 90 percent of men in their 70s and 80s have some symptoms of BPH SYMPTOMS: Difficulty in starting to pass urine ( hesitancy) A weak stream of urine Dribbling after urinating The need to strain to pass urine Incomplete emptying of bladder Difficulty to control the urination urge Having to get up several times in the night to pass urine Feeling a burning sensation when passing urine Passing urine mixed with blood (indication of infection) Treatment of BPH   BPH may not require any form of treatment and may just be monitored for any changes or early signs of any problems. In the event that BPH has caused a urinary tract infection, the infection will be treated first with antibiotic medications and then the BPH may be treated. There are several forms of treatment that can be used for benign prostatic hyperplasia that include medications, minimally invasive therapies, and surgery. The two types of medications currently used to treat BPH are alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.   These medications can prevent the prostrate gland from growing larger and may shrink the prostrate gland in some patients.   How do Alpha blockers work: Alpha blockers work by relaxing the smooth muscle tissue in your prostate and at the opening to your bladder. When this muscle tissue relaxes, it is easier for your urine to flow. This may help if you have difficulty starting to urinate and a weak urine stream. Alpha blockers can start working within two to three days, and may relieve your urinary symptoms in about two to three weeks. However, these medications do not stop your prostate gland from continuing to enlarge. Available alpha blockers include: Cardura (doxazosin) Flomax (tamsulosin) Hytrin (terazosin) Uroxatral(alfuzosin) How do 5 alpha reductase inhibitors work The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work by interfering with the effect of specific male hormones (androgens) on your prostate. This may slow the growth of your prostate and can even cause your prostate to get smaller, which may help improve BPH symptoms. Men with larger prostates may have a greater benefit from these medications than do men with smaller prostates. But, for some men, size (of the prostate that is) does not matter, and the 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may not give satisfactory results even if your prostate gets smaller. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work slowly, and they may take up to six months before you notice any improvement. Available 5-alpha reductase inhibitors include: Avodart (dutasteride) Proscar (finasteride) Both an Alpha Blocker and 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitor Depending on symptoms and the size of your prostate, your doctor may recommend a combination of an alpha-blocker with a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor. The combination of the two types of medications may help more than either medicine alone. 1.2.2 DRUG PROFILE: Alfuzosin hydrochloride: It is an alpha-adrenergic blocker Structure File:Alfuzosin.svg N-[3-[(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-quinazolin-2-yl)-methyl-amino]propyl] tetrahydrofuran- 2-carboxamide Dutasteride: It is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. Structure File:Dutasteride.svg (5ÃŽÂ ±,17ÃŽÂ ²)-N-{2,5bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl}-3-oxo-4-azaandrost-1-ene-17-carboxamide Pharmacodynamic Alfuzosin is a quinazoline-derivative alpha-adrenergic blocking agent used to treat hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Accordingly, alfuzosin is a selective inhibitor of the alpha(1) subtype of alpha adrenergic receptors. In the human prostate, alfuzosin antagonizes phenylephrine (alpha(1) agonist)-induced contractions Pharmacokinetics  and Metabolism Absorption is 50% lower under fasting conditions Volume of distribution 3.2 L/kg [healthy male middle-aged volunteers] Protein binding 82%-90% Metabolism Hepatic. Alfuzosin undergoes extensive metabolism by the liver, with only 11% of the administered dose excreted unchanged in the urine. Alfuzosin is metabolized by three metabolic pathways: oxidation, O-demethylations, and N-dealkylation. The metabolites are not pharmacologically active. CYP3A4 is the principal hepatic enzyme isoform involved in its metabolism. 1.2.3 REPORTED UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS 1.2.4 Aim and Objective of the present work: Derivative spectroscopic methods are more sensitive than other spectroscopic method according to literature there is no derivative spectroscopic method reported so there is need to develop a sensitive derivative spectroscopic method which is more sensitive than simultaneous equation method so aim is to develop and validate the first derivative Zero-Crossing UV spectrophotometric method and apply that method to simultaneous determination of these drug in marketed formulation. 1.3 EXPERIMENTAL WORK 1.3.1 Chemicals and Reagents Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride ALFUSIN D (CIPLA Ltd.) containing 10 mg of Alfuzosin HCl 0.5 mg of Dutasteride were purchased from local market. Methanol of HPLC grade was purchased from Merck Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Purified Water was prepared using a Millipore Milli-Q system (Bedford, MA, USA). 1.3.2 Instrument Spectroscopic Analysis was carried out on a JascoV-650 double beam UV-Visible  spectrophotometer with software of Spectra Manager. The zero order absorption spectra were recorded over the wavelength range of 200-400 nm, against solvent blank, in quartz cuvetts with 1 cm diameter with scan speed of 100 nm/min and fixed value of slit width is 1 nm The ordinate maximum minimum were adjusted according to derivative values. 1.3.3 Development of UV first derivative Zero crossing method: As the Dutasteride is Insoluble in Water 80:20 V/V Mixture of Methanol and Water were used for method development First of all, Individual Zero orders absorption Spectra of both the drugs were recorded by scanning 10 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml solution. The ÃŽÂ »max of Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride was found to be 240 nm 225.5 nm respectively. We have chosen derivative spectroscopy which is based on mathematical transformation of spectra zero order curves in to derivative spectra, which allows a fast sensitive and precise resolution of a multicomponent mixture and overcomes the problem of overlapping of a multi component system. Derivative Spectroscopy on the basis of zero crossing measurement involves measurement of absolute value of total derivative spectrum at an abscissa value corresponding to the Zero Crossing wavelength of the derivative spectra of individual components, which should be only the function of the concentration of the other component. Zero crossing points of Alfuzosin HCl a nd Dutasteride were identified in first derivative spectra. the measurement exhibited the best linear response and have given a near zero intercept on the coordinate of the calibration graph, and is less affected by the concentration of  any other component. Alfuzosin HCl was determined by measurement of its 1D amplitude at the zero-crossing point of Dutasteride was determined by measurement of its1 D at the zero-crossing point of Alfuzosin HCl . 1.3.4 Preparation of stock solution Primary standard stock solution of Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride were prepared separately by dissolving accurately weighed amount (10 mg) of drug in 10 ml 80:20 V/V (MeOH:H2O) to produce a concentration of 1.00mg/mL Working standard solution of each analyte were prepared by appropriate dilution of stock solution to get 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL The further concentration required for constructing calibration curve were prepared daily by dilution of 100 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL working standard. Stock solution of binary mixture was prepared by dissolving accurately weighed quantities of both drugs in solvent. Further dilutions of binary mixture were made to obtain QC samples. 1.3.5 Calibration standard quality control (QC) samples The standard calibration sample were prepared by diluting working standard solution of each analyte to yield seven different concentration over the range of  3-24 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for Alfuzosin HCl 3-30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL for Dutasteride . Linearity was evaluated separately for each drug using the defined analytical amplitudes (1D), with appropriate seven standard solutions. The QC sample were prepared from stock solution containing binary mixture to yield the low, medium high concentration (4,5 6ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml for Alfuzosin HCl) (20 ,25 30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mLfor Dutasteride). 1.3.6 Procedure for calibration curve Absorption derivative spectra were recorded over the range of the wavelength range 200-400 nm. Zero order spectra of standard calibration sample of 10 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml of each drug were recorded against blank. First order spectra were recorded with in concentration range, the value of analytical amplitude 1D231 and 1D250 for ATE LER respectively were recorded. The calibration curve for derivative spectrophotometry were constructed by plotting the drug concentration versus the absorbance values of the first derivative spectrum 1D at 1D 231 and 1D250 for ATE LER, respectively. 1.3.7 Inter-day Intra-day accuracy precision A QC standard prepared binary mixture was evaluated for Inter-day Intraday  accuracy precision. Accuracy was determined as the absolute value of the ratio of the back calculated mean values of QC to their respective nominal  values was expressed as percentage. Precision of assay was expressed as  percentage coefficient of variation (% CV) for QC sample Binary Mixture 1.3.8 Assay of Pharmaceutical dosage form A total number of 20 tablets (Alfusin D) accurately weighed and  powdered in a mortar. Quantities of the powdered tablets equivalent to 10 mg of Alfuzosin HCl 0.5 mg of Dutasteride were accurately weighed and transferred in to 100 ml volumetric flask. Weighed powder was dissolved in 80:20 V/V (MeOH:H2O) mixed thoroughly and kept under mechanical shaking for 15 minutes. Solution obtain was filtered through filter paper and diluted with same solvent to get the concentration within linearity and used for the measurement of derivative spectra. The concentration of Alfuzosin HCl and Dutasteride in tablet were calculated from corresponding calibration curve. 1.4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1.4.1 Development of First derivative zero crossing method Derivative spectroscopy on the basis of zero crossing measurement involves measurement of absolute value of total derivative spectrum at an abscissa  value corresponding to the zero crossing wavelengths of the derivative spectra  of individual components. Which should be the function of the concentration of  other component Zero crossing points for ATE LER were found to be 211.9,  225.4, 250, 275.2, 292.2 218.4, 231, 240.7, 310.9, 362.7 nm respectively the  measurement at 250 231 exhibit best linear response. So ATE was  determined by measurement of its 1D amplitude at ZCP of LER (at 231 nm ). LER was determined by measurement of its 1D amplitude at ZCP of ATE (at  250 nm). 1.4.2 Validation23-25 1.4.2.1 Linearity Since beer law obeys between absorbance values 0.1-1, the linearity is  established by plotting points between these two readings in triplicate. for  Lercanidipine HCl linearity found to be between 3 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL to 24 ÃŽÂ ¼g/mL with  typical regression equation of 0.0015x-0.0003 with regression coefficient of  0.9967 for Atenolol Linearity found to be between 3 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml to 30 ÃŽÂ ¼g/ml with  regression equation 0.0025x+0.0005 with regression coefficient of 0.9996. 1.4.2.2 Accuracy The accuracy of method was established in triplicate in three consecutive days. At 80%, 100% 120% of the expected sample concentration in synthetic binary mixture, the method found to be very accurate with recovery References M. VAMSI KRISHNA* and D. GOWRI SANKAR Optimization and Validation of Quantitative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Formulations ISSN: 0973-4945; CODEN ECJHAO E-Journal of Chemistry Safwan Ashour, M. Fawaz Chehna, Roula Bayram Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin HCl in Pharmaceutical Formulations with some Sulphonephthalein Dyes International journal of Biomedical science M. SUGUMARAN Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin from Its Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form J. Ind. Council Chem. Vol. 26, No. 1, 2009, pp. 47-49 SYEDA HUMAIRA, AKALANKA DEY1, S APPALA RAJU, SYED SANAULLAH Applications Of Colorimetric Methods For The Determination Of Cinitapride Hydrogen Tartarate In Drug Formulations International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 2, Suppl 1, 2010 Md Ruhul Amin, Moynul Hasan, Abdullah Al Masud, Md Hanif uddin,  Md Hasanuzzaman and Mohammad Kaisarul Islam Validated Uv Spectrophotometric Method For Estimation Of Dutasteride In Tablet Dosage Form Islam M K et al. / Pharmacie Globale (IJCP) 2011, 4 (04) Kamila M. M., Mondal N Ghosh L.K A Validated Spectrophotometric Method For  Determination Of Dutasteride In Bulk Drug And Pharmaceutical Formulations International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vishnu P. Choudhari*, Sacchidanand R. Gite, Rahul P. Raut, Asawaree A. Hable, Sanket R. Parekar, Bhanudas S. Kuchekar Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination Of Dutasteride And Tamsulosin In Combined Tablet Dosage Form By First Order Derivative Spectroscopy And Area Under Curve (Auc) Spectrophotometric Methods And Its Application To Uniformity Of Content In Tablet And Capsule ISSN 0976 -044 x Volume 2, Issue 2, May June 2010; Article 013

Essay --

The ONE Fighting Championship event will roll this coming Friday, December 6, 2013, 7 in the evening at the Mall Of Asia Arena in Pasay City, with the theme â€Å"ONE FC: Moment of Truth.† Moment of Truth consists of ten sets of clashes, as seven Filipino fighters will slug it out with 13 foreigner counterparts, with the titles such as ONE FC Featherweighton the line. Highlighting the night of battles will be the rematch between HonorioBanario and Koji Oishi. For Banario, a win against Oishi is a must. The Filipino striker is on the verge of avenging his loss against the Japanese tormentor whom also took the title away from him following the defeat. Oishi has only lost once in his 14 ONE FC fights, and one of the victories he garnered came at the expense of Team Lakay’s â€Å"The Rock† last May. Also headlining the main event was the battle between Kevin Belingon, and David ArandaSantacana for the bantamweight title. Another Team Lakay fighter, Belingion, tagged as â€Å"The Silencer,† will also avenge his loss last May as he faced the undefeated Spaniard, whom have also won the majority of hi... Essay -- The ONE Fighting Championship event will roll this coming Friday, December 6, 2013, 7 in the evening at the Mall Of Asia Arena in Pasay City, with the theme â€Å"ONE FC: Moment of Truth.† Moment of Truth consists of ten sets of clashes, as seven Filipino fighters will slug it out with 13 foreigner counterparts, with the titles such as ONE FC Featherweighton the line. Highlighting the night of battles will be the rematch between HonorioBanario and Koji Oishi. For Banario, a win against Oishi is a must. The Filipino striker is on the verge of avenging his loss against the Japanese tormentor whom also took the title away from him following the defeat. Oishi has only lost once in his 14 ONE FC fights, and one of the victories he garnered came at the expense of Team Lakay’s â€Å"The Rock† last May. Also headlining the main event was the battle between Kevin Belingon, and David ArandaSantacana for the bantamweight title. Another Team Lakay fighter, Belingion, tagged as â€Å"The Silencer,† will also avenge his loss last May as he faced the undefeated Spaniard, whom have also won the majority of hi...

African Americans in the Civil War Essay

The role African Americans played in the outcome, and the road to the outcome of the Civil War was immense. The fact that the south had slaves and the north did not played an enormous role in the issues. The north wanted to abolish slavery, and the south did not and after the war started this became one of the main reasons for the Civil War. Since most African Americans could not read or write, this made them an easy target, for slavery, against the dominant white man. Once the slaves got to America they started to realize how much trouble they were actually in. The north and the south had a problem brewing, and that was due to the slave uprisings and the run a ways. African Americans played an enormous role in the outcome of the Civil War because of the part they took in it. The civil war, which took place from 1861 to the 1920s, the African American community made tremendous strides toward them becoming apart of America and equals in America. Since they had been controlled by the power of the whites for so long, their independence was extremely unfamiliar to them, with their new emancipation. Since they were so uncertain, they debated about the most effect way to go about actually receiving the rights they deserved. They did not just want to be inferior Negros. Some African Americans thought the actual approach would be to go along with the submissive status the whites held them to, so they could earn their respect until fairness pervaded. Others were more wishful with their thinking and thought the military would make whites surrender and give blacks their basic rights. Those who were still they are thought that no progress would ever come. These blacks decided that it was essential to escape the shackles and cruel attitudes toward blacks. The civil war initially began to save the Union. At the start of the war slave masters were terribly scared that the slaves would run to join the Union and help the war efforts. To subsidize the problem, most owner enforced harsh restrictions on their slaves. Some owners even moved their whole plantations inland to avoid any contact with the outside northerners. This did not stop the slaves one bit though, this just caused more slave to flee to the north. The slaves that did decide to stay just demanded more freedom from their masters. Some would say the ones that stayed even gained more power; this forced their masters to give them offerings in exchange for work. The issues of emancipation and military service were intertwined from almost the beginning of the war. News from Fort Sumter made African Americans rush to enlist in military units. They were all turned away since there was a law dating from 1792 that kept African Americans from joining the U. S. army. In Boston disappointed African Americans met and passed a resolution that requested the Government to modify its laws to permit them to enlist. Then Lincoln’s Second Confiscation Act was passed. The act stated that, Confederates who did not surrender with in sixty days of the acts passage were to be punished by having their slaves freed. The Militia Act was also passed. This act stated African Americans were allowed to fight in the war. These two acts together thoroughly punished rebel slaveholders. The African Americans that enlisted both fought in the front lines and worked behind the scenes labor jobs. All these rights that the African Americans were receiving inspired them to return home and free their families and friends. Some of them even started living in the plantations that they used to be slaves of. They took them over and began their own cropping. Some of the other plantations had been left to older disabled white woman, when the men had left for the Confederate army. All of this led to the separation of slave labor in the south After trying terribly hard to keep the issue of slavery out of the war, the North decided to start enlisting African Americans to help them fight in the war. The Fifty-Fourth regiment was created by the Union Army, and was the only all black unit. This Union in particular contributed to the war efforts of the North and showed a new found power among blacks. The regiment started when John Andrew sent a request to the secretary of war, Edwin Stanton, to create a volunteer regiment of African Americans (3). African Americans from all over the country joined. To help recruit even further they called for help from African American leaders like, Frederick Douglas and William Wells Brown. In just two months over one thousand African Americans, one from at least every state, had enlisted in the regiment. The leader of the regiment would not be black though, they wanted the superior officer to have some certain credentials. The job description posted read: â€Å"Young Man of Military Experience Of firm antislavery principles, ambitious, Superior to the vulgar contempt of color Having Faith in the capacity of colored men for military purpose† (2) The man picked for the job was Robert Shaw. The African American regiment and their captain set off for Beaufort, South Carolina on May 28, 1863 (1). They were to attack Fort Wagner, which was a vital key to Charleston. They only way to storm the fort was to go through loads and loads of Confederates. The sheer size of the Confederates to the Fifty- Fourth regiment was an obstacle in itself. The regiment knew the amount of obstacles they would have to overcome to achieve a victory and yet they kept marching. Shaw and a few men marched to the top of the parapet, and there Shaw was shot and killed. Though this was almost a complete disaster for the regiment they had set a path for future African American soldiers. Frederick Douglas said, â€Å"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U. S. , let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship. † One thousand seventy-nine African Americans had served in the Civil War. They served in both the U. S. Army and about two thousand served in the Navy. By the time the war was over, forty thousand had died in battle and thirty thousand had died of disease and infection. African American soldiers performed all the jobs needed to run an army. They also served as carpenters, chaplains, cooks, guards, laborers, nurses, scouts, spies, steamboat pilots, surgeons, and teamsters (4). There were nearly 80 black commissioned officers (4). Harriet Tubman was the most famous spy; she served for the 2nd South Carolina Volunteers. Tubman decided to help the Union Army because she wanted freedom for all of the people who were forced into slavery, not just the few she could help by herself. And she convinced many other brave African Americans to join her as spies, even at the risk of being hanged if they were caught (4). Among Harriet Tubman were many other African American women who served as nurses, spies and scouts. Although, no women were allowed to formally join the army. When black troops were captured by the confederate soldiers, they faced harsher punishments than the white troops. In 1863 the Confederate Congress threatened to punish officers of African American troops and enslave the African Americans, if they were captured. As a result of this, President Lincoln issued General Order 233, which threatened payback on Confederate prisoners of war, if they mistreated African American troops. This order did scare the Confederates a little, but African American soldiers were still treated harsher than whites. In one of the worst examples of this abuse, Confederate soldiers shot to death black Union soldiers, captures at Fort Pillow, TN, in 1864(). Confederate General Nathan B. Forrest witnessed it all and did nothing to stop it. The President, Abraham Lincoln, issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. This proclamation eventually led to the freedom of all slaves. The document officially made free all bondsmen in the areas of the Confederacy that were still in rebellion. Slavery although was not abolished in the Border States, Tennessee, or the Union occupied areas of Louisiana and Virginia. The proclamation only affected the states in rebellion, so after the efforts it didn’t actually free any slaves. On the other hand, it did strengthen the Northern war efforts, because they knew they were fighting for a cause. Over five hundred thousand slaves had escaped to the North by the end of the civil war. Many of the escapees joined the Union Army, which tremendously increased its power. As a result of the Emancipation Proclamation, the thirteenth Amendment was created. The Amendment created on December 18, 1865, legally freed all slaves still in bondage. The final step the Emancipation Proclamation was to depress England and France from arriving to the war on the side of the South. England and France wanted to enter the war on the South side, because the South had supplied them both with cotton and tobacco. England and Frances stance changed when they heard that the war had changed to a fight over slavery. Both nations were opposed to slavery, so ended up giving their support to the Union. That led to the winning of the fight for freedom. Juneteenth was the day created to celebrate the emancipation, when the slaves heard about it that midsummer. The holiday is still celebrated today. Abraham Lincoln said, â€Å"A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not expect the house to fall, but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. â€Å"(3) African Americans along with the rest of the Union were fighting for this freedom and equality that Abraham Lincoln, was talking about. African American contributions were not limited to the role of working the fields in the south or supplying labor for industry in the north. Many African Americans in both south and north participated in either direct or supporting roles in the military. The War Between the States proved to be a war fought for democracy. The liberation that the slaves had been waiting for, recovered the ideas that founded the United States of America. All men were equal under the law. Since, the African Americans made such a persistent effort the changes were made more quickly. Africans pushed for their own emancipation by resisting their masters and other labor tasks. Although a formal Emancipation Proclamation and Thirteenth Amendment freed blacks in America, it would be a long time before they received all the rights they deserved. The minds of Americans had been so engrained with racism only decades of hard work would lessen this. Works Cited 1) Freeman, Elsie, Wynell Burroughs Schamel, and Jean West. â€Å"The Fight for Equal Rights: A Recruiting Poster for Black Soldiers in the Civil War. † Social Education 56, 2 (February 1992): 118-120. 2) â€Å"Blacks in the Civil War. †. Colorado College. Web. 3 Mar 2013.

My Last Farewell by Joze Rizal Essay

1st Stanza * Rizal’s beautiful description of his Fatherland. He used the biblical Eden to describe the Pre-Hispanic Philippines which is an imaginary time of purity and innocence. He adores the beautiful country that he and others are fighting for. He said that he is glad to give his life to Filipinas even though his life was brighter, fresher, or more blest than it is now – pertaining to the time when he wrote the poem. 2nd Stanza * The men who gave their life to his beloved country. Rizal said that their dedication and patriotism to the country is without second thoughts. It doesn’t matter how one struggles, that all struggles, all deaths, are worth it if it is for the good of the country. 3rd Stanza * It speaks of Rizal’s love of Liberty. The image of dawn that Rizal used in the first line signifies the liberation that he adores. In the third and fourth line, he says that if the colour of liberation lacks his blood, he must die for the country to attain freedom. 4th Stanza * Presents the flashback of Rizal’s love for Patricia that started when he was young. He was young when he saw the martyrdom of the GOMBURZA and promised that he would dedicate himself to avenge one day for those victims. His dreams were to see his country in eminent liberation, free from sorrow and grief. 5th Stanza * Repeats Rizal’s dream of complete Liberation. â€Å"All Hail!† signifies that he is positively welcoming the dawn of freedom after his death. He also repeats what he has said in the third stanza that it is his desire to dedicate his life to the Patria. 6th Stanza * Describes the image of Rizal’s grave being forgotten someday. The grassy sod may represent the country’s development, the growth of liberty, and that with the redemption of the country, he becomes forgotten. Rizal does not say here that he wants monuments, streets, or schools in his name, just a fond kiss and a warm breath so he could feel he is not..